Method of using multiple rfid chips with a surgical assembly

ABSTRACT

A method of operating a surgical assembly is disclosed. The method includes receiving a first input from a first RFID scanner indicative of a first information stored in a first RFID chip of a first modular component of the surgical assembly, receiving a second input from a second RFID scanner indicative of a second information stored in a second RFID chip of a second modular component of the surgical assembly, determining an operational parameter of a motor of the surgical assembly based on the first input and the second input, and causing the motor to effect a tissue treatment motion of the first modular component.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation application claiming priority under35 U.S.C. § 120 to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/361,574, entitledMETHOD OF USING MULTIPLE RFID CHIPS WITH A SURGICAL ASSEMBLY, filed Jun.29, 2021, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2021/0393268,which is a continuation application claiming priority under 35 U.S.C. §120 to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,107, entitled METHOD OFUSING MULTIPLE RFID CHIPS WITH A SURGICAL ASSEMBLY, filed on Jun. 30,2019, which issued on Feb. 8, 2022 as U.S. Pat. No. 11,241,235, theentire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,107 is a non-provisionalapplication claiming priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to U.S.Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/868,457, entitled SURGICALSYSTEMS WITH MULTIPLE RFID TAGS, filed on Jun. 28, 2019, the entiredisclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein.

BACKGROUND

The present invention relates to surgical instruments and, in variousembodiments, to surgical cutting and stapling instruments and staplecartridges therefor that are designed to cut and staple tissue. Invarious embodiments, RFID technology can be used to identify thecomponents of a surgical instrument, such as staple cartridges, forexample. Examples of surgical systems which use RFID technology can befound in the disclosures of U.S. Pat. No. 7,959,050, entitledELECTRICALLY SELF-POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH MANUAL RELEASE, whichissued on Jun. 14, 2011, and U.S. Patent Application No. 2015/0053743,entitled ERROR DETECTION ARRANGEMENTS FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTASSEMBLIES, which published on Feb. 26, 2015, and both of which areincorporated by reference herein in their entireties.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The features of various aspects are set forth with particularity in theappended claims. The various aspects, however, both as to organizationand methods of operation, together with further objects and advantagesthereof, may best be understood by reference to the followingdescription, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings asfollows.

FIG. 1 depicts a perspective view of an exemplary circular stapler, inaccordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 depicts a perspective view of the circular stapler of FIG. 1 ,with a battery pack removed from a housing assembly and an anvil removedfrom a stapling head assembly, in accordance with at least one aspect ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 3 depicts a perspective view of the stapling head assembly of thecircular stapler of FIG. 1 , in accordance with at least one aspect ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 4 depicts another perspective view of the anvil of FIG. 3 , inaccordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 depicts an exploded perspective view of the stapling headassembly of FIG. 3 , in accordance with at least one aspect of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 6 depicts an exploded perspective view of the circular stapler ofFIG. 1 , with portions of the shaft assembly shown separately from eachother, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 depicts a detailed perspective view of an anvil actuationassembly of the housing assembly of FIG. 6 , in accordance with at leastone aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 depicts a detailed perspective view of an anvil lockout assemblyof the anvil actuation assembly of FIG. 7 , with the anvil lockoutassembly in an unlocked position, in accordance with at least one aspectof the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 depicts a detailed side elevational view of the anvil actuationassembly of FIG. 7 , with the anvil lockout assembly of FIG. 8 in theunlocked position, in accordance with at least one aspect of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 10 depicts another detailed side elevational view of the anvilactuation assembly of FIG. 7 , with the anvil lockout assembly of FIG. 8in a locked position, in accordance with at least one aspect of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 11 depicts a detailed perspective view of an alternativeconfiguration of the anvil lockout assembly of FIG. 8 , in accordancewith at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 12 depicts stapling head assembly and an anvil being coupled to atrocar of the stapling head assembly, in accordance with at least oneaspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 13 depicts a partial transverse cross-sectional view of an anvil inan improper seating orientation with a stapling head assembly, inaccordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 14 depicts a partial longitudinal cross-sectional view of an anvilin an improper seating orientation with a stapling head assembly, inaccordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 15 depicts a control system of a surgical stapling instrument, inaccordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 16 depicts a logic flow diagram of a process depicting a controlprogram or a logic configuration for operating a surgical staplinginstrument, in accordance with at least one aspect of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 17 depicts a logic flow diagram of a process depicting a controlprogram or a logic configuration for properly orienting an anvil withrespect to stapling head assembly of a surgical stapling instrument, inaccordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 18 depicts a surgical instrument that can be selectively assembledfrom any one of a number of different end effectors, any one of a numberof different shafts, and a housing assembly, in accordance with at leastone aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 19 depicts a schematic diagram of an assembled surgical instrument,in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 20 depicts a logic flow diagram of a process depicting a controlprogram or a logic configuration for adjusting at least one operationalparameter of a motor of the surgical instrument of FIG. 19 .

FIG. 21 depicts a graph illustrating firing loads of the surgicalinstrument of FIG. 19 in accordance with two different firingalgorithms.

FIG. 22 depicts graphs illustrating adjustments of various closure andfiring thresholds of the surgical instrument of FIG. 19 .

FIG. 23 depicts a logic flow diagram of a process depicting a controlprogram or a logic configuration for operating a surgical staplinginstrument, in accordance with at least one aspect of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 24 depicts a partial elevational view of a surgical instrument andthree motor assemblies for use with the surgical instrument, inaccordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 25 depicts a logic flow diagram of a process depicting a controlprogram or a logic configuration for adjusting operational parameters ofa motor of the surgical instrument of FIG. 24 , in accordance with atleast one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 26 is graph depicting a relationship between motor torque on theY-axis and motor speed on the X-axis for three different motors, inaccordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 27 depicts a control system of the surgical instrument of FIG. 24 ,in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 28 depicts a table or database of various control algorithms of thesurgical instrument of FIG. 25 , in accordance with at least one aspectof the present disclosure.

FIG. 29 illustrates a partial perspective view of a surgical instrument,in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 30 illustrates a control circuit of the surgical instrument of FIG.29 , in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 31 illustrates a logic flow diagram of a process depicting acontrol program or a logic configuration for operating the surgicalinstrument of FIG. 29 , in accordance with at least one aspect of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 32 illustrates a control circuit of the battery pack, in accordancewith at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 33 illustrates the compatibility of the surgical instrument of FIG.29 with a plurality of different battery packs, in accordance with atleast one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 34 illustrates a graph which shows various motortorque/speed/current relationships for the surgical instrument of FIG.29 when powered by different battery packs, in accordance with at leastone aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 35 illustrates a bar graph which shows various energy densities fordifferent battery packs which can be utilized with the surgicalinstrument of FIG. 29 , in accordance with at least one aspect of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 36 illustrates a bar graph which shows comparisons of actual energydensities vs. rated energy densities for different battery packs whichcan be utilized with the surgical instrument of FIG. 29 , in accordancewith at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 37 illustrates a bar graph which shows nominal voltages ofdifferent battery packs which can be utilized with the surgicalinstrument of FIG. 29 , in accordance with at least one aspect of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 38 illustrates a graph which shows discharge curves of differentbattery packs which can be utilized with the surgical instrument of FIG.29 , in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 39 illustrates a graph which shows a discharge curve for alithium-Ion battery which can be utilized with the surgical instrumentof FIG. 29 , in accordance with at least one aspect of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 40 illustrates a graph which shows different discharge curves fordifferent temperatures of a lithium-ion battery which can be utilizedwith the surgical instrument of FIG. 29 , in accordance with at leastone aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 41 illustrates a graph which shows different discharge curves fordifferent discharge rates of a CR123 battery which can be utilized withthe surgical instrument of FIG. 29 , in accordance with at least oneaspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 42 illustrates various operational differences between a dumbbattery, an intelligent battery and an adaptive surgical instrument, inaccordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 43 illustrates a graph which shows the output current capabilitiesof different battery packs when utilized with the adaptive surgicalinstrument of FIG. 42 , in accordance with at least one aspect of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 44 illustrates a graph which shows the output voltage capabilitiesof different battery packs when utilized with the adaptive surgicalinstrument of FIG. 42 , in accordance with at least one aspect of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 45 illustrates a graph which shows the output voltage capabilitiesof different battery packs when utilized with the adaptive surgicalinstrument of FIG. 42 , in accordance with at least one aspect of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 46 illustrates a battery for use with the adaptive surgicalinstrument of FIG. 42 , in accordance with at least aspect of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 47 illustrates a logic flow diagram of a process depicting acontrol program or a logic configuration for operating the adaptivesurgical instrument of FIG. 42 , in accordance with at least one aspectof the present disclosure.

FIG. 48 illustrates a logic flow diagram of a process depicting acontrol program or a logic configuration for verifying authenticityand/or compatibility of surgical instruments components of a surgicalinstrument, in accordance with at least one aspect of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 49 is a block diagram of a computer-implemented interactivesurgical system, in accordance with at least one aspect of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 50 is a surgical system being used to perform a surgical procedurein an operating room, in accordance with at least one aspect of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 51 is a surgical hub paired with a visualization system, a roboticsystem, and an intelligent instrument, in accordance with at least oneaspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 52 illustrates a surgical data network comprising a modularcommunication hub configured to connect modular devices located in oneor more operating theaters of a healthcare facility, or any room in ahealthcare facility specially equipped for surgical operations, to thecloud, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 53 illustrates a computer-implemented interactive surgical system,in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 54 illustrates a surgical hub comprising a plurality of modulescoupled to the modular control tower, in accordance with at least oneaspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 55 depicts a control system of a surgical stapling instrument, inaccordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 55A depicts another control system of a surgical staplinginstrument, in accordance with at least one aspect of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 56 depicts stapling head assembly and an anvil being coupled to atrocar of the stapling head assembly, in accordance with at least oneaspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 57 depicts a partial transverse cross-sectional view of an anvil inan improper seating orientation with a stapling head assembly, inaccordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 58 depicts a partial longitudinal cross-sectional view of an anvilin an improper seating orientation with a stapling head assembly, inaccordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 59 illustrates a surgical instrument communicably coupled to asurgical hub, in accordance with at least one aspect of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 60 illustrates a table of surgical instrument component data, inaccordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 61 illustrates a diagram of a surgical hub detecting RFID tagsassociated with a surgical instrument and a user, in accordance with atleast one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 62 illustrates a sectional view of a surgical instrument includingan RFID scanner configured to detect an RFID tag associated with aconsumable device, in accordance with at least one aspect of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 63 illustrates a table of surfaces for various surgical clip types,in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 64 illustrates a table of mechanical properties for varioussurgical clip types, in accordance with at least one aspect of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 65 illustrates a logic flow diagram of a process for determining asurgical instrument communication protocol via an RFID assembly, inaccordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 66 illustrates a logic flow diagram of a process for determiningsurgical procedure information for display via an RFID assembly, inaccordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 67 illustrates a logic flow diagram of a process for determininginformation tailored to a user via an RFID assembly, in accordance withat least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 68 illustrates a logic flow diagram of a process for determiningwhether surgical system components are compatible via an RFID assembly,in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 69A illustrates a perspective view of a first jaw assembly for asurgical clip applier, in accordance with at least one aspect of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 69B illustrates a perspective view of a second jaw assembly for asurgical clip applier, in accordance with at least one aspect of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 70 illustrates a graph depicting force relative to displacementstroke for various surgical clip applier firings as controlled by acontrol system, in accordance with at least one aspect of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 71 illustrates a logic flow diagram of a process for determiningsurgical instrument operational settings via an RFID assembly, inaccordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 72 illustrates a logic flow diagram of a process for determiningsurgical instrument operational settings according to consumable typevia an RFID assembly, in accordance with at least one aspect of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 73 illustrates a graph depicting force relative to displacementstroke for various surgical clip applier firings as controlled by acontrol system, in accordance with at least one aspect of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 74 illustrates a graph depicting longitudinal cam load forcerelative to displacement stroke for various surgical clip applierfirings as controlled by a control system, in accordance with at leastone aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 75 illustrates a graph depicting spring back properties for varioustype of surgical clips, in accordance with at least one aspect of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 76 illustrates a logic flow diagram of a process for determiningsurgical instrument operational settings tailored to a user via an RFIDassembly, in accordance with at least one aspect of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 77 illustrates a graphical user interface including a staple heightwidget, in accordance with at least one aspect of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 78 illustrates a graph depicting force relative to displacementstroke for a surgical stapler firing as controlled by a control system,in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 79 illustrates a graph depicting force relative to time for asurgical stapler firing as controlled by a control system, in accordancewith at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 80 illustrates a logic flow diagram of a process for successivelyupdating an operational parameter via an RFID assembly, in accordancewith at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 81 illustrates a logic flow diagram of a process for updating adefault operational algorithm of a surgical instrument via an RFIDassembly, in accordance with at least one aspect of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 82 is a schematic of various surgical instruments and supplementalcomponents for use with the surgical instruments.

FIG. 83 is a perspective view of a packaging, wherein the packagingcomprises an identifying characteristic of the supplemental componentcontained therein.

FIG. 84 is a partial cross-sectional view of a surgical staplinginstrument system comprising a mounting member and a supplementalcomponent, wherein the mounting member comprises an RFID tag.

FIG. 85 is a representation of an RFID system for use with the surgicalinstruments disclosed herein.

FIG. 86 is a flowchart representative of a process of a controller formodifying at least one operational parameter based on an identifiedsupplemental component.

FIG. 87 is a partial perspective view of a surgical clip appliercomprising an RFID system.

FIG. 88 is a flowchart representative of a process of a controller forcontrolling the performance of a crimping stroke based on the detectionof an RFID tag.

FIG. 89 is a flowchart representative of a process of a controller forcontrolling the performance of a crimping stroke based on the monitoringof multiple RFID tags.

FIG. 90 is a flowchart representative of a process of a controller fordetecting the compatibility of an attached clip.

FIG. 91 is a flowchart representative of a process of a controller formonitoring the number of clips remaining in a clip cartridge.

FIG. 92 is a partial perspective view of a surgical suturing devicecomprising an RFID system.

FIG. 93 is a perspective view of a surgical instrument comprising ahandle, a shaft, and an articulatable end effector.

FIG. 94 is a side view of the surgical instrument of FIG. 93 .

FIG. 95 is a perspective view of a firing member and a pinion gearpositioned within the handle of FIG. 93 .

FIG. 96 is a perspective view of the firing member and the pinion gearof FIG. 95 and a gear reducer assembly operably engaged with the piniongear.

FIG. 97 is a perspective view of the handle of FIG. 93 with portionsthereof removed to illustrate the firing member and the pinion gear ofFIG. 95 , the gear reducer assembly of FIG. 96 , and an electric motorconfigured to drive the firing member distally and/or proximallydepending on the direction in which the electric motor is turned.

FIG. 98 is a partial perspective view of a clip applier.

FIG. 99 is a cross-sectional view of an end effector of the clip applierof FIG. 98 comprising a removable clip cartridge, a reciprocating firingdrive for sequentially advancing the clips, a receiver for receiving theclips, and a crimping drive for deforming the clips.

FIG. 100 is a partial cross-sectional view of the clip applier of FIG.98 in an open configuration.

FIG. 101 is a partial cross-sectional view of the clip applier of FIG.98 in a closed configuration.

FIG. 102 is a cross-sectional view of the end effector of FIG. 99 in anunfired condition.

FIG. 103 is a cross-sectional view of the end effector of FIG. 99illustrating the firing drive in a partially fired condition in which afiring member of the firing drive has advanced a clip into the receiver.

FIG. 104 is a cross-sectional view of the end effector of FIG. 99illustrating the firing drive coming into engagement with the crimpingdrive.

FIG. 105 is a cross-sectional view of the end effector of FIG. 99illustrating the crimping drive in an at least partially firedcondition.

FIG. 106 is a perspective view of a clip illustrated in FIG. 99 .

FIG. 107 is a front view of a cartridge illustrated in FIG. 99comprising a plurality of clips with portions of the cartridge removedto illustrate the clips stored in the cartridge.

FIG. 108 is a side view of the cartridge of FIG. 107 illustrated withportions removed to illustrate the clips stored in the cartridge.

FIG. 109 is a cross-sectional plan view of the cartridge of FIG. 107taken along line 109-109 in FIG. 108 .

FIG. 110 is a perspective view of a surgical suturing instrumentcomprising a handle, a shaft, and an end effector.

FIG. 111 is a partial plan view of the surgical suturing instrument ofFIG. 110 .

FIG. 112 is a partial plan view of the surgical suturing instrument ofFIG. 110 , wherein the end effector is in an articulated state.

FIG. 113 is a partial perspective view of the surgical suturinginstrument of FIG. 110 .

FIG. 114 is a partial perspective view of the surgical suturinginstrument of FIG. 110 , wherein the end effector is in an articulatedand rotated state.

FIG. 115 is a perspective view of a surgical suturing instrument handlecomprising a motor.

FIG. 116 is an exploded view of a suturing cartridge for use with asurgical suturing system.

DESCRIPTION

Applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. patentapplications that were filed on Jun. 30, 2019 and which are each hereinincorporated by reference in their respective entireties:

-   -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,104, entitled METHOD FOR        AUTHENTICATING THE COMPATIBILITY OF A STAPLE CARTRIDGE WITH A        SURGICAL INSTRUMENT, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No.        2020/0405301;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,108, entitled SURGICAL        INSTRUMENT SYSTEM COMPRISING AN RFID SYSTEM, now U.S. Patent        Application Publication No. 2020/0405436;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,111, entitled SURGICAL        INSTRUMENT COMPRISING AN RFID SYSTEM FOR TRACKING A MOVABLE        COMPONENT, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No.        2020/0405437;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,114, entitled SURGICAL        INSTRUMENT COMPRISING AN ALIGNED RFID SENSOR, now U.S. Patent        Application Publication No. 2020/0405438;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,105, entitled SURGICAL        STAPLING SYSTEM HAVING AN INFORMATION DECRYPTION PROTOCOL, now        U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2020/0405302;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,110, entitled SURGICAL        STAPLING SYSTEM HAVING AN INFORMATION ENCRYPTION PROTOCOL, now        U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2020/0405297;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,120, entitled SURGICAL        STAPLING SYSTEM HAVING A LOCKOUT MECHANISM FOR AN INCOMPATIBLE        CARTRIDGE, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No.        2020/0405303;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,125, entitled SURGICAL        STAPLING SYSTEM HAVING A FRANGIBLE RFID TAG, now U.S. Patent        Application Publication No. 2020/0405441; and    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,103, entitled PACKAGING        FORA REPLACEABLE COMPONENT OF A SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEM, now        U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2020/0405296.

Applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. patentapplications that were filed Jun. 30, 2019 and which are each hereinincorporated by reference in their respective entireties:

-   -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,109, entitled MECHANISMS        FOR PROPER ANVIL ATTACHMENT SURGICAL STAPLING HEAD ASSEMBLY, now        U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2020/0405312;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,119, entitled MECHANISMS        FOR MOTOR CONTROL ADJUSTMENTS OF A MOTORIZED SURGICAL        INSTRUMENT, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No.        2020/0405314;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,115, entitled SURGICAL        INSTRUMENT WITH BATTERY COMPATIBILITY VERIFICATION        FUNCTIONALITY, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No.        2020/0405313;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,117, entitled SURGICAL        SYSTEM WITH RFID TAGS FOR UPDATING MOTOR ASSEMBLY PARAMETERS,        now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2020/0405439;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,121, entitled SURGICAL        SYSTEMS WITH MULTIPLE RFID TAGS, now U.S. Patent Application        Publication No. 2020/0405440;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,122, entitled RFID        IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, now U.S. Patent        Application Publication No. 2020/0410177;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,106, entitled RFID        IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, now U.S. Patent        Application Publication No. 2020/0405316;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,112, entitled SURGICAL        RFID ASSEMBLIES FOR DISPLAY AND COMMUNICATION, now U.S. Patent        Application Publication No. 2020/0405409;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,116, entitled SURGICAL        RFID ASSEMBLIES FOR COMPATIBILITY DETECTION, now U.S. Patent        Application Publication No. 2020/0410180; and    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,118, entitled SURGICAL        RFID ASSEMBLIES FOR INSTRUMENT OPERATIONAL SETTING CONTROL, now        U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2020/0405410.

Applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. patentapplications that were filed on May 1, 2018 and which are each hereinincorporated by reference in their respective entireties:

-   -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/665,129,        entitled SURGICAL SUTURING SYSTEMS;    -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/665,139,        entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS COMPRISING CONTROL SYSTEMS;    -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/665,177,        entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS COMPRISING HANDLE ARRANGEMENTS;    -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/665,128,        entitled MODULAR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS;    -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/665,192,        entitled SURGICAL DISSECTORS; AND    -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/665,134,        entitled SURGICAL CLIP APPLIER.

Applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. patentapplications that were filed on Aug. 24, 2018 which are each hereinincorporated by reference in their respective entireties:

-   -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,129, entitled SURGICAL        SUTURING INSTRUMENT CONFIGURED TO MANIPULATE TISSUE USING        MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL POWER, now U.S. Patent Application        Publication No. 2019/0125431;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,155, entitled SURGICAL        SUTURING INSTRUMENT COMPRISING A CAPTURE WIDTH WHICH IS LARGER        THAN TROCAR DIAMETER, now U.S. Patent Application Publication        No. 2019/0125335;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,168, entitled SURGICAL        SUTURING INSTRUMENT COMPRISING A NON-CIRCULAR NEEDLE, now U.S.        Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0125336;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,180, entitled ELECTRICAL        POWER OUTPUT CONTROL BASED ON MECHANICAL FORCES, now U.S. Patent        Application Publication No. 2019/0125432;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,193, entitled REACTIVE        ALGORITHM FOR SURGICAL SYSTEM, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,932,806;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,099, entitled SURGICAL        INSTRUMENT COMPRISING AN ADAPTIVE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM, now U.S.        Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0125378;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,112, entitled CONTROL        SYSTEM ARRANGEMENTS FOR A MODULAR SURGICAL INSTRUMENT, now U.S.        Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0125320;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,119, entitled ADAPTIVE        CONTROL PROGRAMS FOR A SURGICAL SYSTEM COMPRISING MORE THAN ONE        TYPE OF CARTRIDGE, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No.        2019/0125338;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,097, entitled SURGICAL        INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS COMPRISING BATTERY ARRANGEMENTS, now U.S.        Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0125377;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,109, entitled SURGICAL        INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS COMPRISING HANDLE ARRANGEMENTS, now U.S.        Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0125388;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,114, entitled SURGICAL        INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS COMPRISING FEEDBACK MECHANISMS, now U.S. Pat.        No. 10,980,560;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,117, entitled SURGICAL        INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS COMPRISING LOCKOUT MECHANISMS, now U.S.        Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0125476;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,095, entitled SURGICAL        INSTRUMENTS COMPRISING A LOCKABLE END EFFECTOR SOCKET, now U.S.        Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0125387;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,121, entitled SURGICAL        INSTRUMENTS COMPRISING A SHIFTING MECHANISM, now U.S. Pat. No.        11,026,712;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,151, entitled SURGICAL        INSTRUMENTS COMPRISING A SYSTEM FOR ARTICULATION AND ROTATION        COMPENSATION, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,772,651;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,154, entitled SURGICAL        INSTRUMENTS COMPRISING A BIASED SHIFTING MECHANISM, now U.S.        Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0125321;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,226, entitled SURGICAL        INSTRUMENTS COMPRISING AN ARTICULATION DRIVE THAT PROVIDES FOR        HIGH ARTICULATION ANGLES, now U.S. Patent Application        Publication No. 2019/0125379;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,062, entitled SURGICAL        DISSECTORS AND MANUFACTURING TECHNIQUES, now U.S. Pat. No.        10,959,744;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,098, entitled SURGICAL        DISSECTORS CONFIGURED TO APPLY MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY,        now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0125430;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,237, entitled SURGICAL        CLIP APPLIER CONFIGURED TO STORE CLIPS IN A STORED STATE, now        U.S. Pat. No. 11,026,713;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,245, entitled SURGICAL        CLIP APPLIER COMPRISING AN EMPTY CLIP CARTRIDGE LOCKOUT, now        U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0125352;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,249, entitled SURGICAL        CLIP APPLIER COMPRISING AN AUTOMATIC CLIP FEEDING SYSTEM, now        U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0125353;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,253, entitled SURGICAL        CLIP APPLIER COMPRISING ADAPTIVE FIRING CONTROL, now U.S. Patent        Application Publication No. 2019/0125348; and    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,257, entitled SURGICAL        CLIP APPLIER COMPRISING ADAPTIVE CONTROL IN RESPONSE TO A STRAIN        GAUGE CIRCUIT, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No.        2019/0125354.

Applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. patentapplications that were filed on Oct. 26, 2018 which are each hereinincorporated by reference in their respective entireties:

-   -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/172,130, entitled CLIP        APPLIER COMPRISING INTERCHANGEABLE CLIP RELOADS, now U.S. Patent        Application Publication No. 2019/0125358;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/172,066, entitled CLIP        APPLIER COMPRISING A MOVABLE CLIP MAGAZINE, now U.S. Patent        Application Publication No. 2019/0125355;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/172,078, entitled CLIP        APPLIER COMPRISING A ROTATABLE CLIP MAGAZINE, now U.S. Patent        Application Publication No. 2019/0125356;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/172,087, entitled CLIP        APPLIER COMPRISING CLIP ADVANCING SYSTEMS, now U.S. Pat. No.        11,026,687;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/172,094, entitled CLIP        APPLIER COMPRISING A CLIP CRIMPING SYSTEM, now U.S. Patent        Application Publication No. 2019/0125357;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/172,128, entitled CLIP        APPLIER COMPRISING A RECIPROCATING CLIP ADVANCING MEMBER, now        U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0159778;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/172,168, entitled CLIP        APPLIER COMPRISING A MOTOR CONTROLLER, now U.S. Patent        Application Publication No. 2019/0125360;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/172,164, entitled SURGICAL        SYSTEM COMPRISING A SURGICAL TOOL AND A SURGICAL HUB, now U.S.        Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0125359; and    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/172,303, entitled METHOD FOR        OPERATING A POWERED ARTICULATING MULTI-CLIP APPLIER, now U.S.        Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0125361.

Applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. patentapplications, filed on Dec. 4, 2018, the disclosure of each of which isherein incorporated by reference in its entirety:

-   -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,385, titled METHOD OF        HUB COMMUNICATION, PROCESSING, STORAGE AND DISPLAY, now U.S.        Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0200844;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,395, titled METHOD OF        HUB COMMUNICATION, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No.        2019/0201136;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,403, titled METHOD OF        CLOUD BASED DATA ANALYTICS FOR USE WITH THE HUB, now U.S. Patent        Application Publication No. 2019/0206569;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,407, titled METHOD OF        ROBOTIC HUB COMMUNICATION, DETECTION, AND CONTROL, now U.S.        Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0201137;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,416, titled METHOD OF        HUB COMMUNICATION, PROCESSING, DISPLAY, AND CLOUD ANALYTICS, now        U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0206562;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,423, titled METHOD OF        COMPRESSING TISSUE WITHIN A STAPLING DEVICE AND SIMULTANEOUSLY        DISPLAYING THE LOCATION OF THE TISSUE WITHIN THE JAWS, now U.S.        Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0200981;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,427, titled METHOD OF        USING REINFORCED FLEXIBLE CIRCUITS WITH MULTIPLE SENSORS TO        OPTIMIZE PERFORMANCE OF RADIO FREQUENCY DEVICES, now U.S. Patent        Application Publication No. 2019/0208641;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,433, titled METHOD OF        SENSING PARTICULATE FROM SMOKE EVACUATED FROM A PATIENT,        ADJUSTING THE PUMP SPEED BASED ON THE SENSED INFORMATION, AND        COMMUNICATING THE FUNCTIONAL PARAMETERS OF THE SYSTEM TO THE        HUB, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0201594;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,447, titled METHOD FOR        SMOKE EVACUATION FOR SURGICAL HUB, now U.S. Patent Application        Publication No. 2019/0201045;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,453, titled METHOD FOR        CONTROLLING SMART ENERGY DEVICES, now U.S. Patent Application        Publication No. 2019/0201046;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,458, titled METHOD FOR        SMART ENERGY DEVICE INFRASTRUCTURE, now U.S. Patent Application        Publication No. 2019/0201047;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,465, titled METHOD FOR        ADAPTIVE CONTROL SCHEMES FOR SURGICAL NETWORK CONTROL AND        INTERACTION, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No.        2019/0206563;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,478, titled METHOD FOR        SITUATIONAL AWARENESS FOR SURGICAL NETWORK OR SURGICAL NETWORK        CONNECTED DEVICE CAPABLE OF ADJUSTING FUNCTION BASED ON A SENSED        SITUATION OR USAGE, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No.        2019/0104919;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,490, titled METHOD FOR        FACILITY DATA COLLECTION AND INTERPRETATION, now U.S. Patent        Application Publication No. 2019/0206564; and    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,491, titled METHOD FOR        CIRCULAR STAPLER CONTROL ALGORITHM ADJUSTMENT BASED ON        SITUATIONAL AWARENESS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication        No. 2019/0200998.

Before explaining various aspects of surgical devices and systems indetail, it should be noted that the illustrative examples are notlimited in application or use to the details of construction andarrangement of parts illustrated in the accompanying drawings anddescription. The illustrative examples may be implemented orincorporated in other aspects, variations and modifications, and may bepracticed or carried out in various ways. Further, unless otherwiseindicated, the terms and expressions employed herein have been chosenfor the purpose of describing the illustrative examples for theconvenience of the reader and are not for the purpose of limitationthereof. Also, it will be appreciated that one or more of thefollowing-described aspects, expressions of aspects, and/or examples,can be combined with any one or more of the other following-describedaspects, expressions of aspects and/or examples.

Various surgical systems and instruments (e.g. surgical staplinginstrument, surgical clip applier, surgical suturing instrument) aredescribed in connection with the present disclosure. The surgicalsystems and/or instruments comprise a radio-frequency identification(RFID) system that includes one or more RFID scanners and one or moreRFID tags, as will be discussed in greater detail below. Examples ofsurgical systems which use RFID technology are disclosed in U.S. Pat.No. 7,959,050 and U.S. Patent Application No. 2015/0053743, both ofwhich are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.

Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is used in a variety of industriesto track and identify objects. RFID relies on radio waves to transferdigitally-stored information from a RFID tag to a RFID reader orreceiver configured to receive the information. RFID technology usesRFID tags, sometimes referred to as chips, which containelectronically-stored information, and RFID readers, which serve toidentify and communicate with the RFID tags. There are two differenttypes of RFID systems—active RFID systems and passive RFID systems.Active RFID systems include RFID tags that comprise an on-board powersource to broadcast their signals. Active RFID tags can include abattery within the RFID tag which allows the active RFID tag to functionindependently from the RFID reader. As such, RFID tags in an active RFIDsystem do not need to wait to receive a signal from a RFID reader beforesending out information. Instead, the active RFID tags are free tocontinuously send out a signal, or beacon. Many commercially availableactive RFID systems often operate at one of two main frequencyranges—433 MHz and 915 MHz, but any suitable frequency range can beused. Typically, a RFID tag must be within a specific distance orfrequency range in order to be identified by its corresponding RFIDreader.

Passive RFID systems include RFID tags which do not comprise an on-boardpower source but instead receive the energy needed to operate from anRFID reader. Contrary to active RFID tags, RFID tags in a passive RFIDsystem do not actively send out a signal before receiving a prompt.Instead, passive RFID tags wait to receive information from a RFIDreader before sending out a signal. Many commercially-available passiveRFID systems often operate within three frequency ranges—Low Frequency(“LF”), High Frequency (“HF”) & Near-Field Communication (“NFC”), andUltra High Frequency (“UHF”). The LF bandwidth is 125-134 KHz andincludes a longer wavelength with a short read range of approximatelyone to ten centimeters. The HF and NFC bandwidth is 13.56 MHz andincludes a medium wavelength with a typical read range of one centimeterto one meter. The UHF bandwidth is 865-960 MHz and includes a short,high-energy wavelength of one meter which translates into a long readrange. The above being said, any suitable frequency can be used.

A variety of RFID systems comprising differently-sized RFID tags exist.However, some are better suited for use in technology areas that requirethe tracking of very small objects. For example, Hitachi Chemical Co.Ltd. is a leading manufacturer in the RFID technology field. The UltraSmall size UHF RFID tag manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co. Ltd. istypically no larger than 1.0 to 13 mm and enables communication betweena RFID tag and a RFID reader at distances of several centimeters ormore. Due to its compact nature, the Hitachi RFID tag is suitable forvery small products which need to be identified. Each Hitachi RFID tagcomprises an antenna, an IC chip connected to the antenna, and a sealingmaterial that seals the IC chip and the antenna. Because the HitachiRFID tag incorporates an antenna and an IC chip in a single unit, theHitachi RFID tag is convenient enough to easily affix to any smallobject using an adhesive or tape, for example.

The Hitachi RFID tag comprises a square stainless steel plate and ametal antenna. The antenna comprises a LC resonant circuit or any othersuitable circuit and is electrically connected to the plate. After theplate and the antenna are connected to one another, the antenna andplate are sealed together in a single unit with a sealing material. Thesealing material is primarily composed of epoxy, carbon, and silica toenhance the heat resistance capabilities of the Hitachi RFID tag. Thatis, the heat resistance of the RFID tag substantially depends on theheat resistance capabilities of the sealing material. The sealingmaterial has a high heat resistance withstanding temperatures of up to250 to 300° C. for shorter time periods, such as a few seconds, and isresistant to heat for longer periods of time up to 150° C. Accordingly,the Hitachi RFID tag has a higher heat resistance than conventional RFIDtags and can still operate normally even at high temperatures.Additional information regarding the Hitachi RFID tag can be found inU.S. Pat. No. 9,171,244, which is incorporated by reference herein inits entirety.

FIGS. 1-2 depict an example surgical circular stapling instrument 10that can be adapted to include an RFID system and a control systemthereof, in accordance with at least one aspect of the presentdisclosure. The stapling instrument 10 may be used to provide anend-to-end anastomosis between two sections of an anatomical lumen suchas a portion of a patient's digestive tract. Instrument 10 of thisexample comprises a housing assembly 100, a shaft assembly 200, astapling head assembly 300, and an anvil 400. Housing assembly 100comprises a casing 110 defining an obliquely oriented pistol grip 112.Although the housing assembly 100 is depicted in the form of a handle,this is not limiting. In various instances, the housing assembly 100 canbe a component of a robotic system, for example.

Housing assembly 100 further includes a window 114 that permits viewingof a movable indicator needle. In some versions, a series of hash marks,colored regions, and/or other fixed indicators are positioned adjacentto window 114 in order to provide a visual context for indicator needle,thereby facilitating operator evaluation of the position of needlewithin window 114. The movement of the indicator needle corresponds to aclosing motion of the anvil 400 relative to the stapling head assembly300. The hash marks, colored regions, and/or other fixed indicators candefine an optimal anvil closure zone for firing the instrument 10.Accordingly, when the indicator needle is in the optimal anvil closurezone, the user may fire the instrument 10. Various suitable alternativefeatures and configurations for housing assembly 100 will be apparent tothose of ordinary skill in the art in view of the teachings herein.

Instrument 10 of the present example further includes a power sourcewhich can be in the form of a battery pack 120. Battery pack 120 isoperable to provide electrical power to a motor 160 (FIG. 15 ) in pistolgrip 112. In various aspects, battery pack 120 is removable from housingassembly 100. In particular, as shown in FIGS. 1-2 , battery pack 120may be inserted into a socket 116 defined by casing 110. Once batterypack 120 is fully inserted in socket 116, latches 122 of battery pack120 may resiliently engage interior features of casing 110 to provide asnap fit. To remove battery pack 120, the operator may press latches 122inwardly to disengage latches 122 from the interior features of casing110 then pull battery pack 120 proximally from socket 116. It should beunderstood that battery pack 120 and housing assembly 100 may havecomplementary electrical contacts, pins and sockets, and/or otherfeatures that provide paths for electrical communication from batterypack 120 to electrically powered components in housing assembly 100 whenbattery pack 120 is inserted in socket 116. It should also be understoodthat, in some versions, battery pack 120 is unitarily incorporatedwithin housing assembly 100 such that battery back 120 cannot be removedfrom housing assembly 100.

Shaft assembly 200 extends distally from housing assembly 100 andincludes a preformed bend. In some versions, the preformed bend isconfigured to facilitate positioning of stapling head assembly 300within a patient's colon. Various suitable bend angles or radii that maybe used will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in viewof the teachings herein. In some other versions, shaft assembly 200 isstraight, such that shaft assembly 200 lacks a preformed bend. Variousexemplary components that may be incorporated into shaft assembly 200will be described in greater detail below.

Stapling head assembly 300 is located at the distal end of shaftassembly 200. As shown in FIGS. 1-2 , anvil 400 is configured toremovably couple with shaft assembly 200, adjacent to stapling headassembly 300. Anvil 400 and stapling head assembly 300 are configured tocooperate to manipulate tissue in three ways, including clamping thetissue, cutting the tissue, and stapling the tissue. A knob 130 at theproximal end of housing assembly 100 is rotatable relative to casing 110to provide precise clamping of the tissue between anvil 400 and staplinghead assembly 300. When a safety trigger 140 of housing assembly 100 ispivoted away from a firing trigger 150 of housing assembly 100, firingtrigger 150 may be actuated to thereby provide cutting and stapling ofthe tissue.

In the following discussion of anvil 400, the terms “distal” and“proximal” and variations thereof will be used with reference to theorientation of anvil 400 when anvil 400 is coupled with shaft assembly200 of instrument 10. Thus, proximal features of anvil 400 will becloser to the operator of instrument 10; while distal features of anvil400 will be further from the operator of instrument 10.

Referring to FIG. 4 , anvil 400 of the present example comprises a head410 and a shank 420. Head 410 includes a proximal surface 412 thatdefines a plurality of staple forming pockets 414. Staple formingpockets 414 are arranged in two concentric annular arrays. In some otherversions, staple forming pockets 414 are arranged in three or moreconcentric annular arrays. Staple forming pockets 414 are configured todeform staples as the staples are driven into staple forming pockets414. For instance, each staple forming pocket 414 may deform a generally“U” shaped staple into a “B” shape as is known in the art. As best seenin FIG. 4 , proximal surface 412 terminates at an inner edge 416, whichdefines an outer boundary of an annular recess 418 surrounding shank420.

Shank 420 defines a bore 422 and includes a pair of pivoting latchmembers 430 positioned in bore 422. Latch members 430 are positionedwithin bore 422 such that their distal ends are positioned at theproximal ends of lateral openings 424, which are formed through thesidewall of shank 420.

Lateral openings 424 thus provide clearance for the distal ends 434 ofthe latch members 430 to deflect radially outwardly from thelongitudinal axis defined by shank 420. However, latch members 430 areconfigured to resiliently bias their distal ends radially inwardlytoward the longitudinal axis defined by shank 420. Latch members 430thus act as retaining clips. This allows anvil 400 to be removablysecured to a trocar 330 of stapling head assembly 300. It should beunderstood, however, that latch members 430 are merely optional. Anvil400 may be removably secured to a trocar 330 using any other suitablecomponents, features, or techniques.

In addition to or in lieu of the foregoing, anvil 400 may be furtherconstructed and operable in accordance with at least some of theteachings of U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,205,459; 5,271,544; 5,275,322; 5,285,945;5,292,053; 5,333,773; 5,350,104; 5,533,661; and/or U.S. Pat. No.8,910,847, the disclosures of which are incorporated by referenceherein. Still other suitable configurations will be apparent to one ofordinary skill in the art in view of the teachings herein.

Referring to FIG. 3 , stapling head assembly 300 of the present exampleis coupled to a distal end of shaft assembly 200 and comprises a tubularcasing 310 housing a slidable staple driver member. A cylindrical innercore member 312 extends distally within tubular casing 310. Tubularcasing 310 is fixedly secured to an outer sheath 210 of shaft assembly200, such that tubular casing 310 serves as a mechanical ground forstapling head assembly 300.

Trocar 330 is positioned coaxially within inner core member 312 oftubular casing 310. Trocar 330 is operable to translate distally andproximally relative to tubular casing 310 in response to rotation ofknob 130 relative to casing 110 of housing assembly 100. Trocar 330comprises a shaft 332 and a head 334. Head 334 includes a pointed tip336 and an inwardly extending proximal surface 338. Shaft 332 thusprovides a reduced outer diameter just proximal to head 334, withsurface 338 providing a transition between that reduced outer diameterof shaft 332 and the outer diameter of head 334. While tip 336 ispointed in the present example, tip 336 is not sharp. Tip 336 will thusnot easily cause trauma to tissue due to inadvertent contact withtissue. Head 334 and the distal portion of shaft 332 are configured forinsertion in bore 422 of anvil 420. Anvil 400 is thus secured to trocar330 through a snap fit due to latch members 430.

As illustrated in FIG. 5 , Staple driver member 350 is operable toactuate longitudinally within tubular casing 310 in response toactivation of a motor 160. Staple driver member 350 includes twodistally presented concentric annular arrays of staple drivers 352.Staple drivers 352 are arranged to correspond with the arrangement ofstaple forming pockets 414 described above. Thus, each staple driver 352is configured to drive a corresponding staple into a correspondingstaple forming pocket 414 when stapling head assembly 300 is actuated.It should be understood that the arrangement of staple drivers 352 maybe modified just like the arrangement of staple forming pockets 414 asdescribed above. Staple driver member 350 also defines a bore 354 thatis configured to coaxially receive core member 312 of tubular casing310. An annular array of studs 356 project distally from a distallypresented surface surrounding bore 354.

A cylindrical knife member 340 is coaxially positioned within stapledriver member 350. Knife member 340 includes a distally presented, sharpcircular cutting edge 342. Knife member 340 is sized such that knifemember 340 defines an outer diameter that is smaller than the diameterdefined by the inner annular array of staple drivers 352. Knife member340 also defines an opening that is configured to coaxially receive coremember 312 of tubular casing 310. An annular array of openings 346formed in knife member 340 is configured to complement the annular arrayof studs 356 of staple driver member 350, such that knife member 340 isfixedly secured to staple driver member 350 via studs 356 and openings346. Other suitable structural relationships between knife member 340and stapler driver member 350 will be apparent to those of ordinaryskill in the art in view of the teachings herein.

A deck member 320 is fixedly secured to tubular casing 310. Deck member320 includes a distally presented deck surface 322 defining twoconcentric annular arrays of staple openings 324. Staple openings 324are arranged to correspond with the arrangement of staple drivers 352and staple forming pockets 414 described above. Thus, each stapleopening 324 is configured to provide a path for a corresponding stapledriver 352 to drive a corresponding staple through deck member 320 andinto a corresponding staple forming pocket 414 when stapling headassembly 300 is actuated. It should be understood that the arrangementof staple openings 322 may be modified just like the arrangement ofstaple forming pockets 414 as described above. It should also beunderstood that various structures and techniques may be used to containstaples within stapling head assembly 300 before stapling head assembly300 is actuated. Such structures and techniques that are used to containstaples within stapling head assembly 300 may prevent the staples frominadvertently falling out through staple openings 324 before staplinghead assembly 300 is actuated. Various suitable forms that suchstructures and techniques may take will be apparent to those of ordinaryskill in the art in view of the teachings herein.

As best seen in FIG. 6 , deck member 320 defines an inner diameter thatis just slightly larger than the outer diameter defined by knife member340. Deck member 320 is thus configured to allow knife member 340 totranslate distally to a point where cutting edge 342 is distal to decksurface 322.

In addition to or in lieu of the foregoing, stapling head assembly 300may be further constructed and operable in accordance with at least someof the teachings of U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,205,459; 5,271,544; 5,275,322;5,285,945; 5,292,053; 5,333,773; 5,350,104; 5,533,661; and/or U.S. Pat.No. 8,910,847, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated byreference herein. Still other suitable configurations will be apparentto one of ordinary skill in the art in view of the teachings herein.

FIG. 6 shows various components of shaft assembly 200, which couplescomponents of stapling head assembly 300 with components of housingassembly 100. In particular, and as noted above, shaft assembly 200includes an outer sheath 210 that extends between housing assembly 100and tubular casing 310. In the present example, outer sheath 210 isrigid and includes a preformed curved section as noted above.

Shaft assembly 200 further includes a trocar actuation rod 220 and atrocar actuation band assembly 230. The distal end of trocar actuationband assembly 230 is fixedly secured to the proximal end of trocar shaft332. The proximal end of trocar actuation band assembly 230 is fixedlysecured to the distal end of trocar actuation rod 220. It shouldtherefore be understood that trocar 330 will translate longitudinallyrelative to outer sheath 210 in response to translation of trocaractuation band assembly 230 and trocar actuation rod 220 relative toouter sheath 210. Trocar actuation band assembly 230 is configured toflex such that trocar actuation band assembly 230 may follow along thepreformed curve in shaft assembly 200 as trocar actuation band assembly230 is translated longitudinally relative to outer sheath 210. However,trocar actuation band assembly 230 has sufficient column strength andtensile strength to transfer distal and proximal forces from trocaractuation rod 220 to trocar shaft 332. Trocar actuation rod 220 isrigid. A clip 222 is fixedly secured to trocar actuation rod 220 and isconfigured to cooperate with complementary features within housingassembly 100 to prevent trocar actuation rod 220 from rotating withinhousing assembly 100 while still permitting trocar actuation rod 220 totranslate longitudinally within housing assembly 100. Trocar actuationrod 220 further includes a coarse helical threading 224 and a finehelical threading 226.

Shaft assembly 200 further includes a stapling head assembly driver 240that is slidably received within outer sheath 210. The distal end ofstapling head assembly driver 240 is fixedly secured to the proximal endof staple driver member 350. The proximal end of stapling head assemblydriver 240 is secured to a drive bracket 250 via a pin 242. It shouldtherefore be understood that staple driver member 350 will translatelongitudinally relative to outer sheath 210 in response to translationof stapling head assembly driver 240 and drive bracket 250 relative toouter sheath 210. Stapling head assembly driver 240 is configured toflex such that stapling head assembly driver 240 may follow along thepreformed curve in shaft assembly 200 as stapling head assembly driver240 is translated longitudinally relative to outer sheath 210. However,stapling head assembly driver 240 has sufficient column strength totransfer distal forces from drive bracket 250 to staple driver member350.

It should be understood that shaft assembly 200 may further include oneor more spacer elements within outer sheath 210. Such spacer elementsmay be configured to support trocar actuation band assembly 230 and/orstapling head assembly driver 240 as trocar actuation band assembly 230and/or stapling head assembly driver 240 translate through outer sheath210. For instance, such spacer elements may prevent trocar actuationband assembly 230 and/or stapling head assembly driver 240 from bucklingas trocar actuation band assembly 230 and/or stapling head assemblydriver 240 translate through outer sheath 210. Various suitable formsthat such spacer elements may take will be apparent to those of ordinaryskill in the art in view of the teachings herein.

In addition to or in lieu of the foregoing, shaft assembly 200 may befurther constructed and operable in accordance with at least some of theteachings of U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,205,459; 5,271,544; 5,275,322; 5,285,945;5,292,053; 5,333,773; 5,350,104; 5,533,661; and/or U.S. Pat. No.8,910,847, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference hereinin their entireties. Still other suitable configurations will beapparent to one of ordinary skill in the art in view of the teachingsherein.

Additional operational details of the surgical instrument 10, and otherinstruments suitable for use with the present disclosure, are alsodescribed in U.S. Pat. No. 10,905,415, titled SURGICAL STAPLER WITHELECTROMECHANICAL LOCKOUT, filed Jun. 26, 2015, which issued on Feb. 2,2021, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

Instrument 1100 is similar in many respects to instrument 10. Forexample, like instrument 10, instrument 1100 is a surgical instrumentconfigured to grasp, staple, and/or cut tissue. Also, like instrument10, instrument 1100 includes a shaft assembly 1206 (FIG. 12 ), astapling head assembly 1300 (FIG. 12 ), and an anvil 1200 (FIG. 12 ). Inaddition, Instrument 1100 includes a lockout assembly such as, forexample, an anvil lockout assembly 1170. Anvil lockout assembly 1170 isgenerally configured to prevent further adjustment of the longitudinalposition of the anvil once safety trigger 1140 is actuated. Such afeature may be desirable because lockout of the anvil may prevent anoperator from improperly changing the gap distance d once a suitable gapdistance d is reached. Anvil lockout assembly 1170 comprises an innerlockout member 1172, an outer lockout member 1176, and an actuationmember 1180. As is best seen in FIG. 8 , inner lockout member 1172 isdisposed about a portion of a portion of knob 1130 and is fixedlysecured thereto. Inner lockout member 1172 of the present exampleincludes a plurality of triangular teeth 1174 extending radiallyoutwardly from inner lockout member 1172. Teeth 1174 are configured toengage with corresponding teeth 1184 of outer lockout member 1176 toprevent rotation of knob 1130, thereby preventing translation of trocaractuation rod 1122.

Various lockout out assemblies that are suitable for use with thepresent disclosure are described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,143,923, entitledSURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT HAVING A FIRING LOCKOUT FOR AN UNCLOSEDANVIL, which issued on Dec. 5, 2006; U.S. Pat. No. 7,044,352, SURGICALSTAPLING INSTRUMENT HAVING A SINGLE LOCKOUT MECHANISM FOR PREVENTION OFFIRING, which issued on May 16, 2006; U.S. Pat. No. 7,000,818, SURGICALSTAPLING INSTRUMENT HAVING SEPARATE DISTINCT CLOSING AND FIRING SYSTEMS,which issued on Feb. 21, 2006; U.S. Pat. No. 6,988,649, SURGICALSTAPLING INSTRUMENT HAVING A SPENT CARTRIDGE LOCKOUT, which issued onJan. 24, 2006; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,978,921, SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTINCORPORATING AN E-BEAM FIRING MECHANISM, which issued on Dec. 27, 2005,which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.

Outer lockout member 1176 has a generally cylindrical shape and definesan opening 1177 that is sized to receive inner lockout member 1172. Theinner diameter of outer lockout member 1176 defines a plurality of teeth1178, which correspond to teeth 1147 of inner lockout member 1172. Teeth1178 are configured to engage teeth 1174 of inner lockout member 1172 toprevent further adjustment of the longitudinal position of anvil 1200,by preventing further rotation of knob 1130. Outer lockout member 1176further includes a plurality of protrusions 1179 protruding radiallyoutwardly from the outer diameter of outer lockout member 1176.Protrusions 1179 are disposed in corresponding channels 1113 withincasing 1112 to rotationally fix outer lockout member 1176 in positionwhile still permitting at least some translation.

Although inner and outer lockout members 1172, 1176 of the presentexample are shown as including teeth 1174, 1178, it should be understoodthat in other examples any other suitable surfacing treatment orgeometry may be used. For instance, in some examples lockout members1172, 1176 include corresponding knurled surfaces, bumps, splines,ridges, detent features, or any other suitable surface treatment orgeometry that may be configured to correspondingly engage to preventrelative rotational movement between lockout members 1172, 1176.

Actuation member 1180 comprises an elongate body 1182 extending fromouter lockout member 1176 to safety trigger 1140. In particular, body1182 includes a trigger bracket 1184 that is configured to couple withsafety trigger 1140. Trigger bracket 1184 includes a channel 1185 thatpermits bracket 1184 to be pivotably coupled to safety trigger 1140.Similarly, the proximal end of body 1182 is configured to couple with atleast one protrusion 1179 of outer lockout member 1176. Accordingly,movement of safety trigger 1140 is transferred to outer lockout member1176 via actuation member 1180. In other words, outer lockout member1176 translates longitudinally in response to pivoting of safety trigger1140. Outer lockout member 1176 is generally responsive to safetytrigger 1140 to selectively lock actuation of the anvil 1200.

FIGS. 9-11 show an exemplary sequence of operation of anvil lockoutassembly 1170. As can be seen in FIG. 9 , anvil lockout assembly 1170initially begins in an unlocked state. In such a state, outer lockoutmember 1176 is positioned proximally away from inner lockout member 1172such that inner lockout member 1172 is freely rotatable relative toouter lockout member 1176. It should be understood that when innerlockout member 1172 is freely rotatable, knob 1130 is similarly freelyrotatable such that the longitudinal position of the anvil may beadjusted via trocar actuation rod 1122.

Once the operator has rotated knob 1130 to adjust the longitudinalposition of the anvil to achieve an appropriate gap distance d, it maybe desirable to prevent further adjustment of the longitudinal positionof the anvil. FIG. 10 shows anvil lockout assembly 1170 in a lockedstate. To advance anvil lockout assembly 1170 to the locked state, theoperator may pivot safety trigger 1140 proximally. Proximal movement ofsafety trigger 1140 causes safety trigger 1140 to drive actuation member1180 distally.

Distal movement of actuation member 1180 results in correspondingmovement of outer lockout member 1176. As outer lockout member 1176 ismoved distally, teeth 1178 of outer lockout member 1176 will begin toengage teeth 1174 of inner lockout member 1176. Once teeth 1178 of outerlockout member 1176 fully engage with teeth 1174 of inner lockout member1176, outer lockout member 1176 will prevent relative rotationalmovement of inner lockout member 1172 via protrusions 1179 and casing1112. Because inner lockout member 1172 is fixedly secured to knob 1130,rotational movement of knob 1130 will also be prevented. With knob 1130locked in position, further adjustment of the longitudinal position ofthe anvil will be prevented. With further adjustment of the longitudinalposition of the anvil prevented, the operator may then actuate firingtrigger 1142 to initiate the stapling sequence.

In some examples, it may be desirable to drive outer lockout member 1176using an actuation mechanism 1190 such as a solenoid. As illustrated inFIG. 11 , actuation mechanism 1190 is aligned with the longitudinal axisof actuation member 1180 and is fixedly secured to actuation member1180. To accommodate actuation mechanism 1190, actuation member 1180 maybe shortened or otherwise modified to intersect with actuation mechanism1190. Actuation mechanism 1190 includes a plurality of wires 1192 thatmay connect to a circuit board, switch, and/or sensor. In variousexamples, the wires 1192 are connected to the control circuit 1210 (FIG.15 ). In various examples, the actuation mechanism 1190 may be actuatedusing safety trigger 1140 using a similar configuration as safetytrigger 1040 of instrument 100. For instance, actuation of safetytrigger 1140 may complete a circuit that activates actuation mechanism1190, thereby driving lockout member 1176 longitudinally into engagementwith lockout member 1172.

In operation, actuation mechanism 1190 generally provides the samefunction as safety trigger 1140, except actuation mechanism 1190 removesthe necessity for actuation member 1180 to extend the entire distance tosafety trigger 1140. Although actuation mechanism 1190 is shown anddescribed herein as comprising a solenoid, it should be understood thatany other suitable actuator may be used as will be apparent to those ofordinary skill in the art in view of the teachings herein.

Referring primarily to FIGS. 12-14 , a distinct issue with circularstaplers is that their anvils are detachable from their stapling headassemblies, and must be separately introduced to a surgical site indifferent manners and from different access points. Accordingly, unlikeother stapling instruments, circular staplers are at risk ofanvil-staple head assembly mismatching and/or anvil-staple cartridgemismatching. Further, to be properly assembled or coupled an anvil and astapling head assembly must be properly oriented with respect to eachother at a specific orientation at the surgical site. Improperorientation of an anvil and a corresponding stapling head assembly, asillustrated in FIG. 13 , can lead to a misalignment between the stapleforming pockets 414 (FIG. 12 ) of the anvil and staple openings 324(FIG. 3 ) of a staple cartridge 1320, which may lead to improper stapleformation. In addition, the improper orientation of an anvil and acorresponding stapling head assembly can lead to improper seating of theanvil with respect to the stapling head assembly. An improperly seated,or partially seated, anvil may become unseated, or separated from thestapling head assembly, due to externally applied loads from the tissuecaptured between the anvil and the stapling head assembly duringclosure.

To address the issues above, the surgical instrument 1100 includes ananvil 1200 equipped with a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag1201 recognizable or detectable by an RFID scanner 1202 on a staplinghead assembly 1300 of the surgical instrument 1100. Likewise, the staplecartridge 1320 includes an RFID tag 1203 also recognizable or detectableby the RFID scanner 1202. The RFID tag 1201 stores information about theanvil 1200, and the RFID tag 1203 stores information about the staplecartridge 1320. As described below, the information can be checked andcompared for authentication and/or compatibility.

The identification mechanisms described herein can either be activesystems or passive systems. In various embodiments, a combination ofactive and passive identification systems are used. Passive systems caninclude, for example, a barcode, a quick response (QR) code, and/or aradio frequency identification (RFID) tag. Passive systems do notcomprise an internal power source, and the passive systems describedherein require a reader and/or scanner to send a first signal, such asan interrogation signal, for example.

Passive radio frequency identification (RFID) systems communicateinformation by using radio frequencies. Such passive RFID systemscomprise an RFID scanner and an RFID tag with no internal power source.The RFID tag is powered by electromagnetic energy transmitted from theRFID scanner. Each RFID tag comprises a chip, such as a microchip, forexample, that stores information about the replaceable component and/ora surgical instrument with which the replaceable component iscompatible. While the chip may only contain an identification number, invarious instances, the chip can store additional information such as,for example, the manufacturing data, shipping data, and/or maintenancehistory. Each RFID tag comprises a radio antenna that allows the RFIDtag to communicate with the RFID scanner. The radio antenna extends therange in which the RFID tag can receive signals from the RFID scannerand transmit response signals back to the RFID scanner. In a passiveRFID system, the RFID scanner, which also comprises its own antenna,transmits radio signals that activate RFID tags that are positionedwithin a pre-determined range. The RFID scanner is configured to receivethe response signals that are “bounced back” from RFID tags, allowingthe RFID scanner is to capture the identification informationrepresentative of the replaceable component. In various instances, theone or more response signals comprise the same signal as theinterrogation signal. In various instances, the one or more responsesignals comprise a modified signal from the interrogation signal. Invarious instances, the RFID scanner is also able to write, or encode,information directly onto the RFID tag. In any event, the RFID scanneris able to pass information about the replaceable component to acontroller, such as the control system of a surgical instrument and/or aremote surgical system or hub. The RFID scanner is configured to readmultiple RFID tags at once, as the RFID tags are activated by radiosignals. Additionally, in certain instances, the RFID scanner is able toupdate, or rewrite, information stored on an RFID tag in signal rangewith the RFID scanner. The updates can, for example, be transmitted tothe RFID scanner from a surgical hub, or any suitable server. Varioussurgical hubs are described in described in U.S. patent application Ser.No. 16/209,395, titled METHOD OF HUB COMMUNICATION, and filed Dec. 4,2018, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Active radio frequency identification (RFID) systems also comprise anRFID tag and an RFID scanner. However, the RFID tag in an active RFIDsystem comprises an internal power source. Active RFID systems utilizebattery-powered RFID tags that are configured to continuously broadcasttheir own signal. One type of active RFID tag is commonly referred to asa “beacon.” Such beacon RFID tags do not wait to receive a first signalfrom an RFID scanner. Instead, the beacon RFID tag continuouslytransmits its stored information. For example, the beacon can send outits information at an interval of every 3-5 seconds. Another type ofactive RFID tag comprises a transponder. In such systems, the RFIDscanner transmits a signal first. The RFID transponder tag then sends asignal back to the RFID scanner with the relevant information. Such RFIDtransponder tag systems are efficient, as they conserve battery lifewhen, for example, the RFID tag is out of range of the RFID scanner. Invarious instances, the active RFID tag comprises an on-board sensor totrack an environmental parameter. For example, the on-board sensor cantrack moisture levels, temperature, and/or other data that might berelevant.

In operation the anvil 1200 is coupled or attached to the stapling headassembly 1300, as illustrated in FIG. 12 . When the RFID tag 1201 is ator below an attachment threshold distance, defined by the radius (R) ofa perimeter extending around the RFID scanner 1202, the RFID scanner1202 is able to detect or recognize the RFID tag 1201. The attachmentdistance is the distance between the RFID tag 1201 and the RFID scanner1203 while the anvil 1200 is coupled or attached to stapling headassembly 1300.

Further to the above, the RFID tag 1303 is positioned under the deckmember 320 of the stapling head assembly 1300, and can be detected aswell by the RFID scanner 1202. As described in greater detail below,signal strength between the RFID scanner 1202 and one or both of theRFID tags 1201, 1203 can be used to determine whether the anvil 1200 isproperly oriented and/or fully seated with respect to the stapling headassembly 1300.

Referring to FIG. 12 , the anvil 1200 is similar in many respects to theanvil 400. For example, like the anvil 400, the anvil 1200 includes thehead 410, the staple forming pockets 414, and a shank 1420. In theexample of FIG. 12 , the RFID tag 1201 is supported by the shank 1420,on an outer surface thereof, near the bore 422. In at least one example,a recess or pocket is defined in the shank 1420, and the RFID tag 1201is positioned in the recess or pocket. The RFID tag 1201 can be held inplace in the recess, or pocket, using any suitable technique such as,for example, friction fitting or biocompatible adhesive.

As described above in greater detail, the anvil 1200 is coupled orassembled with the stapling head assembly 1300 by advancing the anvil1200 toward the trocar 330 such that the trocar 330 is received throughthe bore 422, as illustrated in FIG. 12 . Proximal surface 338 of thehead 334 of the trocar 330 and latch shelves 436 of the shank 1420 havecomplementary positions and configurations such that latch shelves 436engage proximal surface 338 when shank 1420 of anvil 1200 is fullyseated on trocar 330 of the stapling head assembly 1300, as illustratedin FIG. 14 . Anvil 1200 is thus secured to trocar 330 through a snap fitdue to latch members 430. In the example illustrated in FIG. 14 , theRFID tag 1201 is at a first longitudinal position that is distal, orslightly distal, to a second longitudinal position of the pointed tip226 of the head 334 of the trocar 330.

In at least one example, the RFID tag 1201 is positioned on the shank1420 at a first longitudinal position that corresponds, or substantiallycorresponds, to a second longitudinal position of the tip 336 of thehead 334 of the trocar 330 when the anvil 1200 is properly oriented andfully seated with respect to the stapling head assembly 1300. In otherwords, the tip 336 of the head 334 of the trocar 330, when it isreceived in the shank 1420 at its final seating position, istransversely aligned, or at least substantially aligned, with the RFIDtag 1201. In at least one example, the RFID tag 1201 is positioned onthe shank 1420 at a position distal to the bore 422 and proximal to thelateral openings 424 and/or proximal to the latch members 430 (FIGS. 3-4).

Referring to FIG. 12 , the RFID scanner 1202 is located on an outersurface of a cylindrical inner core member 1312 that extends distallywithin a tubular casing 1310 of the stapling head assembly 1300. Tubularcasing 1310 is fixedly secured to an outer sheath 210 of shaft assembly1206, such that tubular casing 1310 serves as a mechanical ground forstapling head assembly 1300. The RFID scanner 1202 is supported by theinner core member 1312, on an outer surface thereof, near its distalend. In at least one example, a recess or pocket is defined in the innercore member 1312, and the RFID scanner 1202 is positioned in the recessor pocket. The RFID scanner 1202 can be held in place in the recess, orpocket, using any suitable technique such as, for example, frictionfitting or biocompatible adhesive. Alternatively, the RFID scanner 1202can be positioned on an inner surface of the cylindrical inner coremember 1312. In the example of FIG. 12 , the RFID scanner 1202 islocated at a distal portion of the inner core member 1312 below the deckmember 320 of the staple cartridge 1320. In various example, the RFIDtag 1201 and the RFID tag 1203 are insulated from the shank 1420 and theinner core member 1312, respectively, using any suitable insulativematerial.

In various examples, RFID tag 1201 and the RFID tag 1203 arerecognizable or detectable by the RFID scanner 1202 in a closedconfiguration of the instrument 1100 where tissue is captured betweenthe anvil 1200 and stapling head assembly 1300.

FIG. 15 illustrates a logic diagram of a control system 1211 of asurgical instrument or tool in accordance with one or more aspects ofthe present disclosure. The control system 1211 includes a controlcircuit 1210 that can be integrated with the RFID scanner 1202 or can becoupled to, but positioned separately from, the RFID scanner 1202 in thehousing assembly 100, for example. The control circuit 1210 can beconfigured to receive input from the RFID scanner 1202 indicative of theinformation about the staple cartridge 1320 stored in the RFID tag 1203and/or information about the anvil 1200 stored in the RFID tag 1201.

In various examples, the RFID tag 1203 stores identification informationof the staple cartridge 1320 and the RFID tag 1201 stores identificationinformation of the anvil 1200. In such examples, the control circuit1210 receives input from the RFID scanner 1202 indicative of theidentification information of the staple cartridge 1320 and verifies theidentity of the staple cartridge 1320 based on the input. Further, thecontrol circuit 1210 receives input from RFID scanner 1202 indicative ofthe identification information of the anvil 1200 and verifies theidentity of the anvil 1200 based on the input.

In at least one example, the control circuit 1210 includes amicrocontroller 1213 that has a processor 1214 and a storage medium suchas, for example, a memory 1212. The memory 1212 stores programinstructions for performing various processes such as, for example,identity verification. The program instructions, when executed by theprocessor 1214, cause the processor 1214 to verify the identity of thestaple cartridge 1320 and the identity of the anvil 1200 by comparingthe identification information received from the RFID tags 1201, 1203 toidentification information stored in the memory 1212 in the form of anidentity database or table, for example.

In at least one example, the control circuit 1210 can be configured tocheck compatibility of the anvil 1200 with staple cartridge 1320 of thestapling head assembly 1300 based on input from the RFID scanner 1202.The processor 1214 can, for example, check the identity information ofthe anvil 1200 and the staple cartridge 1320 against a compatibilitydatabase or table stored in memory 1212.

In various examples, the memory 1212 comprises a local memory of theinstrument 1100. In other examples, identity databases or tables and/orcompatibility databases or tables can be downloaded from a remoteserver. In various aspects, the instrument 1100 may transmit theinformation received from RFID tags 1201, 1203 to a remote server thatstores the databases or tables for performing the identity and/orcompatibility checks remotely.

FIG. 16 is a logic flow diagram of a process 1220 depicting a controlprogram or a logic configuration for operating a surgical staplinginstrument such as, for example, the instrument 1100. In at least oneexample, the process 1220 is executed by a control circuit 1210 (FIG. 15) that includes a processor 1214 and a memory 1212 storing a set ofcomputer-executable instructions that, when executed by the processor1214, cause the processor 1214 to perform of the process 1220. Incertain examples, a set of computer-executable instructions, stored inthe memory 1212 may cause the processor 1214 to perform discreteportions of the process 1220. Although the process 1220 is described asbeing executed by a control circuit 1210, this is merely for brevity,and it should be understood that the process 1220 and other processesdescribed herein, or portions thereof, can be executed by circuitry thatcan include a variety of hardware and/or software components and may belocated in or associated with various suitable systems such as, forexample, combinational logic circuits or sequential logic circuits.

As illustrated in FIG. 16 , the process 1220 includes detecting 1231identification information of the staple cartridge 1320. In at least oneexample, the control circuit 1210 receives input from the RFID scanner1202 indicative of the identification information of the staplecartridge 1320 stored in the RFID tag 1203. If authentication of thestaple cartridge ID is not successful, or staple cartridge ID is notdetected, the control circuit 1210 causes an indicator 1209 to alert1241 that the staple cartridge 1320 is not attached and/or that thestaple cartridge authentication failed.

In various instances, the indicator 1209 may comprise one or more visualfeedback systems such as display screens, backlights, and/or LEDs, forexample. In certain instances, the indicator 1209 may comprise one ormore audio feedback systems such as speakers and/or buzzers, forexample. In certain instances, the indicator 1209 may comprise one ormore haptic feedback systems, for example. In certain instances, theindicator 1209 may comprise combinations of visual, audio, and/or hapticfeedback systems, for example.

The process 1220 further includes verifying 1232 compatibility of thestaple cartridge 1320 and the instrument 1100. In at least one example,the control circuit 1210 checks the identification information of thestaple cartridge 1320 against staple cartridge-instrument compatibilitydatabase or table, which can be stored in the memory 1212, for example.If compatibility is verified 1232, the control circuit 1210 causes theindicator 1209 to alert 1242 that the staple cartridge 1320 iscompatible with the instrument 1100. At this stage, the control circuit1210 may also cause the indicator 1209 to alert 1246 the user regardingcolor and/or size of the attached staple cartridge 1320.

The process 1220 further includes verifying 1233 a cartridge firingstatus. Staple cartridges are generally disposed of after filing. Toensure that a previously fired staple cartridge is not accidentlyre-used without staples, the RFID tag 1201 of a staple cartridge 1320that has been previously fired stores a previously-fired status. In atleast one example, the control circuit 1210 causes the RFID scanner 1202to change the firing status of a staple cartridge 1320 from an unfiredstatus to a previously fired status after completion of a firingsequence. Further, if the control circuit 1210 received input from theRFID scanner 1202 indicating that an attached staple cartridge 1320 hasbeen previously fired, the control circuit 1210 may cause the indicator1209 to alert 1243 the user of the same.

The process 1220 further includes detecting 1234 identificationinformation of the anvil 1200. In at least one example, the controlcircuit 1210 receives input from the RFID scanner 1202 indicative of theidentification information of the anvil 1200 stored in the RFID tag1201. If authentication of the anvil ID is not successful, or if noanvil ID is received, the control circuit 1210 may cause an indicator1209 to alert 1244 that the anvil is not attached and/or that the anvilauthentication failed.

Referring still to FIG. 16 , if a proper anvil identification isdetected 1234, the process 1220 further checks 1235 compatibility of theanvil 1200 and the staple cartridge 13020. If the anvil 1200 and thestaple cartridge 13020 are incompatible, the process 1220 alerts 1245 auser regarding the mismatch. If, however, the anvil 1200 and the staplecartridge 13020 are compatible, the control circuit 1210 permits 1236closure drive assembly 136 (FIG. 15 ) to proceed 1237 with anvilclosure. During anvil closure, the control circuit 1210 continues tomonitor the RFID scanner 1202 to ensure that the anvil 1200 remainsattached or coupled to the stapling head assembly 1300 throughout theclosure process. If during closure the RFID scanner 1202 loses thesignal from the RFID tag 1201, the control circuit 1210 causes theclosure drive assembly 136 to pause the closure, and alert 1244 the userthat the anvil 1200 is not attached, or at least not detected.Otherwise, the anvil closure continues until a closed configurationbetween the anvil 1200 and the stapling head assembly 1300 is achieved1238 by reaching 1238 a predetermined zone or threshold. At, or beyond,the predetermined zone or threshold, the control circuit 1210 permits1239 the firing drive assembly 1136 to begin a firing sequence to stapleand cut tissue captured between the anvil 1200 and the staple cartridge1320 in the closed configuration.

The process 1220 further includes assessing or detecting 1247 anvilorientation and/or seating with respect to the stapling head assembly1300. As illustrated in FIG. 12 , the shank 1420 of anvil 1200 is fullyseated on trocar 330 of the stapling head assembly 1300 when latchshelves 436 engage proximal surface 338. At this point, the RFID tag1201 reaches or crosses the attachment threshold distance and, as such,is detected by the RFID scanner 1202. The detection of the RFID tag 1201by the RFID scanner 1202 indicates full seating of the anvil 1200 withrespect to the stapling head assembly 1300. In at least one example,receiving an input from the RFID scanner 1202 indicative of detection ofthe RFID tag 1201 causes the control circuit 1210 to determine that theanvil 1200 is fully seated with respect to the stapling head assembly1300.

Referring to FIGS. 12 and 15 , in various examples, an RFID scanner 1204is employed in addition to the RFID scanner 1202 to detect the RFID tag1201 and/or the RFID tag 1203. The RFID scanner 1204 can be positionedwithin the stapling head assembly 1300. In the example illustrated inFIG. 12 , the RFID scanner 1204 is supported by the tubular casing 1310.The control circuit 1210 can be configured to receive input from theRFID scanner 1204 in addition to the input from the RFID scanner 1202.In at least one example, the RFID scanner 1204 is configured to detectthe RFID tag 1203 while the RFID scanner 1202 can be configured todetect the RFID tag 1201.

With regard to anvil orientation, the control circuit 1210 is configuredto determine whether an attached anvil 1200 is properly oriented withrespect to the stapling head assembly 1300 by using the RFID scanner1202 and/or the RFID scanner 1204 to detect and measure strength of thesignal transmitted by the RFID tag 1201. In a proper orientation of theanvil 1200, the RFID scanner 1202 detects the signal from the RFID tag1201 and measures a unique first signal strength that corresponds to thedistance d1 between the RFID tag 1201 and the RFID scanner 1202.Likewise, the RFID scanner 1204 detects the signal from the RFID tag1201 and measures a unique second signal strength that corresponds tothe distance d2 between the RFID tag 1201 and the RFID scanner 1204. Thecontrol circuit 1210 can be configured to assess proper orientation ofthe anvil 1200 based on the first signal strength and/or the secondsignal strength.

FIG. 13 depicts an improper orientation of the anvil 1200 where theshank 1420 is at an angle α away from proper orientation with thestapling head assembly 1300. The misalignment between the anvil 1200 andthe stapling head assembly 1300 causes the distances d1, d2 to bedifferent from their values at proper orientation, which causes thefirst signal strength and second signal strength to be different fromtheir values at a proper orientation. In the example of FIG. 13 , themisalignment between the anvil 1200 and the stapling head assembly 1300increases the value of the distance d1 and decreases the value of thedistance d2. As such, the misalignment at FIG. 13 decreases the firstsignal strength and increases the second signal strength from theirvalues at a proper orientation.

Accordingly, by monitoring the strength of the signal transmitted by theRFID tag 1201, the control circuit 1210 is able to assess whether theanvil 1200 is properly oriented with respect to the 1300. In variousinstances, the memory 1212 stores a database or table of signal strengthvalues, or ranges, that represent a proper orientation of the anvil1200. In such instances, the control circuit 1210 may check the signalstrength values collected by the RFID scanner 1202 and/or RFID scanner1204 against the values, or ranges, in the database, or table, to assesswhether the anvil 1200 is properly oriented.

In various examples, proper orientation of an anvil 1200 with respect tothe stapling head assembly 1300 is examined by the control circuit 1210after determining that the anvil 1200 is fully seated, as describedabove. In other examples, proper orientation of an anvil 1200 withrespect to the stapling head assembly 1300 is examined by the controlcircuit 1210 at a closed, or at least partially closed, configuration ofthe instrument 1100. In certain examples, proper orientation of an anvil1200 with respect to the stapling head assembly 1300 is continuouslyexamined by the control circuit 1210 following the detection of the RFIDtag 1201 by the RFID scanner 1202 and/or RFID scanner 1204.

FIG. 17 depicts a logic flow diagram of a process 1250 depicting acontrol program or a logic configuration for properly orienting an anvilwith respect to stapling head assembly of a surgical staplinginstrument. In at least one example, the process 1250 is executed by acontrol circuit 1210 (FIG. 15 ) that includes a processor 1214 and amemory 1212 storing a set of computer-executable instructions that, whenexecuted by the processor 1214, cause the processor 1214 to perform ofthe process 1250. In certain examples, a set of computer-executableinstructions, stored in the memory 1212 may cause the processor 1214 toperform discrete portions of the process 1250. Although the process 1250is described as being executed by a control circuit 1210, this is merelyfor brevity, and it should be understood that the process 1250 and otherprocesses described herein, or portions thereof, can be executed bycircuitry that can include a variety of hardware and/or softwarecomponents and may be located in or associated with various suitablesystems such as, for example, combinational logic circuits or sequentiallogic circuits.

Referring to FIGS. 15 and 17 , the control circuit 1210 is configured todetect 1251 an improper orientation of the anvil 1200 with respect tothe stapling head assembly 1300, as described above. Further, thecontrol circuit 1210 may employ the indicator 1209 to alert 1252 a userregarding the improper orientation. In addition, the control circuit1210 may suggest 1253 through the indicator 1209 a direction and/ordegree of rotation of the anvil 1200 to achieve a proper orientation.The control circuit 1210 may continue to check 1254 whether properorientation is achieved based on input from the RFID scanner 1201 and/orRFID scanner 1204. When proper orientation is detected by the controlcircuit 1210, the control circuit 1210 may further cause the indicator1209 to alert 1255 the user that the anvil 1200 now properly alignedwith the stapling head assembly 1300.

As described above in greater detail, the instrument 1100 includes ananvil lockout assembly 1170. The anvil lockout assembly 1170 isgenerally configured to prevent further adjustment of the longitudinalposition of the anvil once safety trigger 1140 is actuated. In variousexamples, the anvil lockout assembly 1170 includes an outer lockoutmember 1176 that is generally responsive to a safety trigger 1140 toselectively lock actuation of the anvil 1200. In other examples, thecontrol circuit 1210 is configured to drive outer lockout member 1176using an actuation mechanism 1190 such as a solenoid. In either event,the anvil lockout assembly 1170 is configured to transition between anunlocked state and a locked state, wherein: (i) in the unlocked state,the lockout assembly 1170 is configured to permit translation of theanvil 1200, and (ii) in the locked state, the lockout assembly 1170 isconfigured to prevent translation of the anvil 1200. In variousexamples, the control circuit 1210 employs the indicator 1209 to alert auser that it is safe to transition the lockout assembly 1170 to theunlocked state based on input from the RFID scanner 1202 and/or the RFIDscanner 1204 indicative of detecting the RFID tag 1201. In otherexamples, the control circuit 1210 employs the actuation mechanism 1190to transition the lockout assembly 1170 to the unlocked state based oninput from the RFID scanner 1202 and/or the RFID scanner 1204 indicativeof detecting the RFID tag 1201.

Further to the above, in certain examples, the control circuit 1210detects detachment of the anvil 1200 from the stapling head assembly1300 based on a loss of the input from the RFID scanner 1202 and/or theRFID scanner 1204, or an input from the RFID scanner 1202 and/or theRFID scanner 1204 indicative of a loss of the signal transmitted by RFIDtag 1201. In response, the control circuit 1210 may cause the indicator1209 to alert a user of the detachment of the anvil 1200 and,optionally, provide instructions regarding reattachment of the anvil1200 to the stapling head assembly 1300. Additionally, or alternatively,the control circuit 1210 may cause the actuation mechanism 1190 totransition the lockout assembly 1170 to the locked state untilreattachment of the anvil 1200 is detected by the control circuit 1210based on input from RFID scanner 1202 and/or the RFID scanner 1204indicative of redetection of the signal from the RFID tag 1201, forexample.

Referring to FIG. 15 , motors 160,1160 are coupled to motor drivers 161and 1161, respectively, which are configured to control the operation ofthe motors 160 and 1160 including the flow of electrical energy from apower source (e.g. battery pack 120) to the motors 160 and 1160. Invarious examples, the processor 1214 is coupled to the motors 160, 1160through the motor drivers 1160, 1161. In various forms, the motor 160and/or the motor 1160 may be a brushed direct current (DC) motor with agearbox and mechanical links to effect a tissue treatment by a surgicalend effector. In one aspect, motor drivers 1160, 1161 may be in the formof an A3941 available from Allegro Microsystems, Inc. Other motordrivers may be readily substituted for use with the control system11211.

In various forms, the motors 160, 1160 may be a brushed DC driving motorhaving a maximum rotational speed of approximately 25,000 RPM. In otherarrangements, the motors 160, 1160 may include a brushless motor, acordless motor, a synchronous motor, a stepper motor, or any othersuitable electric motor. The motor driver 161, 1161 may comprise anH-bridge driver comprising field-effect transistors (FETs), for example.The motors 160, 1160 can be powered by a power source. The power sourcemay comprise a battery which may include a number of battery cellsconnected in series that can be used as the power source to power thesurgical instrument or tool. In certain circumstances, the battery cellsof the power source may be replaceable and/or rechargeable. In at leastone example, the battery cells can be lithium-ion batteries which can becouplable to and separable from the power source.

In various aspects, a motor driver in accordance with the presentdisclosure may be a full-bridge controller for use with externalN-channel power metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors(MOSFETs) specifically designed for inductive loads, such as brush DCmotors. The motor driver may comprise a unique charge pump regulatorthat provides full (>10 V) gate drive for battery voltages down to 7 Vand allows the A3941 to operate with a reduced gate drive, down to 5.5V. A bootstrap capacitor may be employed to provide the above batterysupply voltage required for N-channel MOSFETs. An internal charge pumpfor the high-side drive allows DC (100% duty cycle) operation. The fullbridge can be driven in fast or slow decay modes using diode orsynchronous rectification. In the slow decay mode, current recirculationcan be through the high-side or the low-side FETs. The power FETs areprotected from shoot-through by resistor-adjustable dead time.Integrated diagnostics provide indications of undervoltage,overtemperature, and power bridge faults and can be configured toprotect the power MOSFETs under most short circuit conditions. Othermotor drivers may be readily substituted for use in the tracking system480 comprising an absolute positioning system.

In various aspects, one or more of the motors of the present disclosurecan include a rotatable shaft that operably interfaces with a gearassembly that is mounted in meshing engagement with a set, or rack, ofdrive teeth on a displacement member of a firing drive assembly 1163 ora closure drive assembly 163, for example. A sensor element may beoperably coupled to a gear assembly such that a single revolution of theposition sensor element corresponds to some linear longitudinaltranslation of the displacement member. An arrangement of gearing andsensors can be connected to the linear actuator, via a rack and pinionarrangement, or a rotary actuator, via a spur gear or other connection.A power source supplies power to the absolute positioning system and anoutput indicator may display the output of the absolute positioningsystem. The displacement member represents the longitudinally movabledrive member comprising a rack of drive teeth formed thereon for meshingengagement with a corresponding drive gear of the gear reducer assembly.The displacement member represents the longitudinally movable a closuremember, firing member, firing bar, I-beam, or combinations thereof.

In certain examples, as illustrated in FIG. 15 , transition of the anvil1200 to a closed configuration with the stapling head assembly 1300 isdriven by the motor 1160. In such examples, the control circuit 1210permits the motor 1160 to drive closure of the anvil 1200 if properorientation, full seating, and/or proper identity of the anvil 1200 isdetected by the control circuit 1210 based on input from the RFIDscanner 1202 and/or RFID scanner 1204, as described above. Accordingly,a detected failure at establishing one or more of proper orientation,full seating, and/or proper identity of the anvil 1200 causes thecontrol circuit 1210 to prevent the motor 1160 from starting and/orcompleting closure of the anvil 1200.

In certain examples, the control circuit 1210 permits the motor 160 todrive staple firing and advancement of the cylindrical knife member 340if staple cartridge-anvil compatibility is confirmed based on theinformation stored in the RFID tags 1201, 1203 as reported by RFIDscanners 1202, 1204. Conversely, the control circuit 1210 is configuredto prevent the motor 160 from driving staple firing and advancement ofthe cylindrical knife member 340 if the staple cartridge-anvilcompatibility cannot be established based on the information stored inthe RFID tags 1201, 1203 as reported by RFID scanners 1202, 1204.

In various examples, antennas of one or more of the RFID tags 1201, 1203and the RFID scanners 1202, 1204 may be supplemented with boosterantennas that are engaged upon connection. In various examples, theantennas of active RFID tags on the surgical instrument 1100 such as,for example, the RFID tag 1201 and RFID tag 1203 can be cut duringnormal operation of the surgical instrument 1100 in planned manner. Thelost signals from such RFID tags can signify completion of a surgicaltask.

In various aspects, an RFID tag can be positioned along the pathway ofthe cylindrical knife member 340. The RFID tag may transmit a signalthrough its antenna to the RFID scanner 1202, for example. When theantenna is severed by the knife member 340, the signal is lost. Thesignal loss can confirm advancement of the knife member 340.

In one example, the RFID tag is positioned on a breakable washer of theanvil 1200. In such example, the breakable washer is broken by the knifemember 340 toward the end of a full distal range of motion of the knifemember 340. The knife member 340 cuts the antenna of the RFID tag whilebreaking the breakable washer. When the antenna is severed, the signaltransmitted from the RFID tag to the RFID scanner 1202, for example, islost. The RFID scanner 1202 can be coupled to the control circuit 1210,and can report the signal loss to the control circuit 1210. The signalloss is interpreted by the control circuit 1210 to indicate completionof a firing sequence of the surgical instrument 1100.

In various aspects, as described above greater detail, a surgicalinstrument such as, for example, the instrument 1100 includes an anvil1200 movable toward a stapling head assembly 1300 to capture tissuetherebetween in a closed configuration. The tissue is then stapled andcut in a firing sequence of the surgical instrument 1100. The instrument1100 further includes an RFID tag such as, for example, the RFID tag1201 and an RFID scanner such as, for example, the RFID scanner 1202that is configured to read and/or write to the RFID tag 1201. The RFIDtag 1201 and the RFID scanner 1202 define an RFID system that can beemployed by a control circuit 1210 to determine a characteristic of thetissue based on the RF signal backscatter from the tissue.

The positions of the RFID tag 1201 and the RFID scanner 1202 withrespect to the tissue grasped between the anvil 1200 and the staplinghead assembly 1300 can be selected for optimal measurements of the RFsignal backscatter. In at least one example, the RFID tag 1201 and theRFID scanner 1202 can be positioned on opposite sides of the tissue.

The RF signal from the backscatter data can be gathered and correlatedwith known tissue characteristics to permit tissue analysis. In variousaspects, the spectral characteristics of the backscatter data can beanalyzed to determine various characteristic of the tissue. In at leastone example, the backscatter data is employed to identify boundaryfeatures within the tissue. In at least one example, the backscatterdata can be used to assess thickness of the tissue grasped between theanvil 1200 and the stapling head assembly 1300.

FIG. 18 depicts a surgical instrument 2200 that can be selectivelyassembled from any one of a number of different end effectors such as,for example, end effectors 2210, 2210′, any one of a number of differentshafts such as, for example, shafts 2230, 2230′, 2230″, 2230′″, and ahousing assembly 2240. Components of the surgical instrument 2200 areselected based on various factors including surgical procedure type,tissue type, and/or patient anatomy.

In various instances, the end effectors of the surgical instrument 2200are circular stapler end effectors of different sizes. In the example ofFIG. 18 , 25 mm and 31 mm circular stapler end effectors are depicted.However this is not limiting, other suitable end effectors can bereadily utilized with the surgical instrument 2200. In the exampleillustrated in FIG. 18 , the shafts 2230, 2230′, 2230″, 2230′″ compriseprofiles that are different in length and/or curvature. However this isnot limiting, shafts with other suitable shaft profiles can be readilyused with the surgical instrument 2200.

Further to the above, the shafts 2230, 2230′, 2230″, 2230′″ compriseRFID tags 2203, 2203′, 2203″, 2203′″, respectively, which store shaftinformation, as described in greater detail below. In addition, the endeffectors 2210, 2210′ comprise RFID tags 2201, 2201′, respectively,which store end-effector information, as described in greater detailbelow.

FIG. 19 depicts a schematic diagram an example surgical instrument 2200assembled from the end effector 2210, the shaft 2230, and a housingassembly 2240. Various components and/or connections between componentsof the end effector 2210, the shaft 2230, and a housing assembly 2240are removed for clarity. The surgical instrument 2200 is similar in manyrespects to the surgical instruments 100, 1100. For example, the endeffector 2210 has a stapling head assembly 2300 that is similar in manyrespect to the stapling head assemblies 300, 1300, and an anvil 2400that is similar in many respects to the anvils 400, 1200.

In operation, as described above in greater detail with respect to thesurgical instruments 100, 1100, the anvil 2400 is coupled to thestapling head assembly 2300. The anvil 2400 is then retracted from astarting position toward the stapling head assembly 2300 a closurestroke or distance “d” to transition the stapling head assembly 2300from an open configuration to a closed configuration. Tissue is graspedbetween the anvil 2400 and the stapling head assembly 2300 in the closedconfiguration. Further, the stapling head assembly 2300 includes astaple cartridge that houses staples that are deployed from the staplecartridge toward the anvil 2400 in the closed configuration. The staplesare deployed through the grasped tissue and are formed by Staple formingpockets 414 of the anvil 2400. In addition, a knife member 340 istranslated distally to a point where cutting edge 342 is distal to adeck surface 322 of the stapling head assembly 2300 to cut the tissue.

In addition to or in lieu of the foregoing, stapling head assembly 2300and anvil 2400 may be further constructed and operated in accordancewith at least some of the teachings of U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,205,459;5,271,544; 5,275,322; 5,285,945; 5,292,053; 5,333,773; 5,350,104;5,533,661; and/or U.S. Pat. No. 8,910,847, the entire disclosures ofwhich are incorporated by reference herein. Still other suitableconfigurations will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art inview of the teachings herein.

Referring still to FIG. 19 , the housing assembly 2240 includes one ormore motors 2160 and one or more motor drivers 2161, which are similarin many respects to motors 160,1160 and motor drivers 161, 1161. Invarious examples, the control circuit 1210 is configured to control amotor driver 2161 to cause a motor 2160 to move the anvil 2400 a closurestroke or distance “d” toward the stapling head assembly 2300 totransition the end effector 2210 from the open configuration to theclosed configuration. The control circuit 1210 is further configured tocontrol a motor driver 2161 to cause a motor 2160 to apply a load ontothe end effector 2210 in a firing motion to deploy the staples intotissue grasped by the end effector 1210 in the closed configuration, andcut the grasped tissue by advancing the knife member 340 distallythrough the tissue. In at least one example, the knife member 340 isadvanced toward a breakable washer of the anvil 2400. In such example,the breakable washer is broken by the knife member 340 toward the end ofa full distal range of motion of the knife member 340.

To properly staple and cut tissue by a surgical instrument 2200,operational parameters of the motor(s) 2160 need to be adjusted to yieldclosure distances and/or firing loads that are suitable for a selectedend effector 2210 and/or shaft 2230 of the surgical instrument 2200.Longer and/or curved shafts, for example, require different closuredistances than shorter ones. Likewise, larger staple cartridgesgenerally require higher firing loads than smaller ones. To address thismatter, the end effectors of a surgical instrument 2200 are equippedwith RFID tags 2201 that store end-effector information, and aredetectable by RFID scanners 2202. Additionally, in certain instances,the shafts of the surgical instrument 2200 are also equipped with RFIDtags 2203 that store shaft information, and are detectable by RFIDscanners 2204. As illustrated in FIG. 20 , in accordance with a process2250, the control circuit 1210 can be configured to receive 2252 inputfrom an RFID scanner 2202 indicative of the end-effector information,receive 2254 input from an RFID scanner 2204 indicative of the shaftinformation, and adjust 2256 at least one parameter of operation of themotor(s) 2160 to yield closure distances and/or firing loads that arebased on the end-effector information and the shaft information.

In at least one example, the process 2250 is executed by a controlcircuit 1210 (FIG. 15 ) that includes a processor 1214 and a memory 1212storing a set of computer-executable instructions that, when executed bythe processor 1214, cause the processor 1214 to perform of the process2250. In certain examples, a set of computer-executable instructions,stored in the memory 1212 may cause the processor 1214 to performdiscrete portions of the process 2250. Although the process 2250 isdescribed as being executed by a control circuit 1210, this is merelyfor brevity, and it should be understood that the process 2250 and otherprocesses described herein, or portions thereof, can be executed bycircuitry that can include a variety of hardware and/or softwarecomponents and may be located in or associated with various suitablesystems such as, for example, combinational logic circuits or sequentiallogic circuits.

In the example illustrated in FIG. 19 , the RFID tag 2201 andcorresponding RFID scanner 2202 are arranged such that the RFID tag 2201is within the detection range of the RFID scanner 2202 when the endeffector 2210 is an assembled configuration with the shaft 2230. Also,the RFID tag 2203 and corresponding RFID scanner 2204 are arranged suchthat the RFID tag 2203 is within the detection range of the RFID scanner2204 when the shaft 2230 is an assembled configuration with housingassembly 2240. Accordingly, the RFID scanner 2202 is positioned at thedistal portion of the shaft 2230 while the RFID tag 2203 is positionedat the proximal portion of the shaft 2230. In at least one example, oneor both of the RFID tag 2201 and the RFID scanner 2202 are positioned atan interface between the end effector 2210 and the shaft 2230.Additionally, or alternatively, one or both of the RFID tag 2203 and theRFID scanner 2204 are positioned at an interface between the shaft 2230and housing assembly 2240.

Further to the above, end-effector information stored in the RFID tag2201 can be read by the RFID scanner 2202 in the assembledconfiguration, and can be communicated to the control circuit 1210.Also, shaft information stored in the RFID tag 2203 can be read by theRFID the scanner 2204, and can be communicated to the control circuit1210. In various aspects, the end effector-information can includeidentification information, manufacturer information, staple cartridgesize, type, and/or color, anvil type, and/or one more suitableadjustment values for default closure distances and/or firing loads.Likewise, the shaft information can include identification information,manufacturer information, shaft profiles, and/or one more suitableadjustment values for default closure distances and/or firing loads.

Referring to FIG. 21 , a graph 2260 represents a relationship betweenfiring Load (lbs) on the Y-axis and firing time (sec) on the X-axis.Graph 21 depicts a default, unadjusted, firing algorithm 2263 and anadjusted firing algorithm 2264. The graph 2260 further depicts a defaultmaximum firing load threshold 2261 (e.g. 400 lbs) and a final maximumfiring load threshold 2262 (e.g. 485 lbs) for a firing load applied by amotor 2160 to the end effector 2210 of the surgical instrument 2200. Thedefault maximum firing load threshold 2261 is adjusted to the finalmaximum firing load threshold 2262 based on end-effector information ofthe end effector 2210 that is stored in the RFID tag 2201 and read bythe RFID scanner 2202 of the surgical instrument 2200. In the example ofFIG. 21 , the end-effector information represents a staple cartridgethat comprises a larger size (e.g. 31 mm) than a default staplecartridge (e.g. 25 mm). The default staple cartridge size (e.g. 25 mm)is associated with the default firing algorithm 2263 and default maximumfiring load threshold 2261. Meanwhile, the larger staple cartridge size(e.g. 31 mm) is associated with the final firing algorithm 2264 andfinal maximum firing load threshold 2262.

The end-effector information stored in the RFID tag 2201 can include thestaple cartridge size and/or a firing load adjustment value (e.g. 85lbs) based on the cartridge size. In the event of the staple cartridgesize, the control circuit 1210 can use a database or a lookup table ofstaple cartridge sizes and corresponding firing load adjustment valuesto look up a suitable firing load adjustment values.

Further, input from the RFID scanner 2201 indicative of the end-effectorinformation causes the control circuit 1210 to adjust the defaultmaximum firing load threshold 2261 (e.g. 400) to the final maximumfiring load threshold 2262 (e.g. 485 lbs), and maintain a firingalgorithm 2264 below the final maximum firing load threshold 2262, asillustrated in FIG. 20 .

In the example of FIG. 21 , the control circuit 1210 adjusts orintroduces a minimum wait-time “t” before causing the motor 2160 toapply the firing algorithm 2263 to the end effector 2210. In variousinstances, the minimum wait-time “t” is a time period between completionof a closure sequence of an end effector of the surgical instrument2200, where tissue is grasped by the end effector in a closedconfiguration, and commencement of a firing sequence of the endeffector, where the grasped tissue is stapled and cut. The minimum waittime “t” permits tissue creep where the grasped tissue adjusts to alower average pressure thereby reducing the maximum firing loadnecessary to complete the firing sequence of the end effector 2210 to avalue at or below the final maximum firing load threshold 2262. In thedefault firing algorithm 2263, without the minimum wait-time “t”, thefiring algorithm 2263 must be interrupted 2267 for a time period t′ fromtime t3 to time t4 to prevent the firing load from exceeding the finalmaximum firing load threshold 2262. By comparison, the firing algorithm2264 is continued through the time period between t3 and t4, asillustrated in FIG. 21

Referring still to FIG. 21 , another factor that can influence theminimum wait time “t” is the user-selected form height of the staplesdeployed from the stapling head assembly 2300. The control circuit 1210can prompt a user through the indicator 1209 to select a desired formheight of the staples. In at least one example, the control circuit 1210can present the user with a number of form height options to choosefrom. Additionally, or alternatively, the control circuit 1210 canrecommend an optimal form height based on the tissue being treated bythe surgical instrument 2200. In any event, the user-selected formheight can cause the control circuit 1210 to further adjust the minimumwait time “t”. In at least one example, the memory 1212 stores, in adatabase or a lookup table, form heights and corresponding wait-timeadjustments. The control circuit 1210 can adjust the minimum wait time“t” by identifying a wait-time adjustment associated with auser-selected form height, and then adjusting the minimum wait time “t”in accordance with the identified wait-time adjustment.

Generally, a more formed staple is associated with a greater firingload, and requires a greater minimum wait time “t” than a lesser formedstaple. In the example of FIG. 21 , the user-selected form height 2265is associated with a firing load “F2”, and is greater than a minimumform height 2266 associated with a minimum firing load “F1”. The minimumfiring loads “F1” and “F2” represent firing loads at which staple legsbegin to buckle. Accordingly, the wait time “t” of the example of FIG.21 is a result of the greater (31 mm) than the default (25 mm) staplecartridge size, and the selected form height 2265.

Referring to FIG. 22 , Graph 2270 illustrates adjustments made to adefault maximum firing load threshold 2272 (e.g. 400 lbs) of thesurgical instrument 2200. The adjustments are based on end-effectorinformation 2271 and shaft information 2273 received by a controlcircuit 1210 from RFID scanners 2202, 2204, as described above ingreater detail. The shaft information 2273 identifies a long curvedshaft 2230, and provides a corresponding first adjustment value 2274(e.g. 35 lbs) to the default maximum firing load threshold 2272.Similarly, the end-effector information 2271 identifies an end effector2210 with staple cartridge comprising a size of 31 mm, and provides acorresponding second adjustment value 2276 (e.g. 85 lbs) to the defaultmaximum firing load threshold 2272. Adding the adjustment values 2274,2276 to the default maximum firing load threshold 2272 yields a finalmaximum firing load threshold 2278. As described above, the adjustmentvalues 2274, 2276 can be part of the end-effector information 2271 andthe shaft information 2273, respectively, or can be determined by thecontrol circuit 1210 from a database or lookup table stored in thememory 1212, for example, based on the identification information of theend effector 2210 and the shaft 2230.

In at least one example, a surgical instrument 2200 can be assembledfrom a curved long shaft 2230 and an end effector 2210′ comprising adefault staple cartridge size (e.g. 25 mm). In such examples, the endeffector information yields a zero adjustment value, and the shaftinformation yields the first adjustment value 2274 that modifies thedefault maximum firing load threshold 2272 to a final maximum firingload threshold 2279, as illustrated in Graph 2270. In other examples,the surgical instrument 2200 can be assembled from various combinationsof end effectors and shafts that yield different adjustment values formodifying the default maximum firing load threshold 2272.

Referring to FIG. 22 , Graph 2280 illustrates adjustments made to adefault minimum closure stroke or distance 2282 of the surgicalinstrument 2200. A minimum closure stroke or distance a surgicalinstrument 2200 is a minimum permissible or recommended closure strokeor distance that bring an end effector of the surgical instrument 2200such as, for example, the end effector 2210 to a closed configurationsuitable for deploying staples into tissue grasped between an anvil anda staple cartridge of the end effector. The adjustments to the defaultminimum closure stroke or distance 2282 are based on end-effectorinformation 2271 and shaft information 2273 received by a controlcircuit 1210 from RFID scanners 2202, 2204, as described above ingreater detail.

The shaft information 2273 identifies a long curved shaft 2230, andprovides a corresponding first adjustment value 2284 to the defaultminimum closure stroke or distance 2282. The added length and curvatureof the shaft 2230, in comparison to a default shaft, yields a longerminimum closure stroke or distance 2289 than the default minimum closurestroke or distance 2282. Similarly, the end-effector information 2271identifies an end effector 2210 with a staple cartridge comprising asize of 31 mm, and provides a corresponding second adjustment value 2286to the default minimum closure stroke or distance 2282. Adding theadjustment values 2284, 2286 to the default minimum closure stroke ordistance 2282 yields a final default minimum closure stroke or distance2288. As described above, the adjustment values 2284, 2286 can be partof the end-effector information 2271 and the shaft information 2273,respectively, or can be determined by the control circuit 1210 from adatabase or lookup table stored in the memory 1212, for example, basedon identification information of the end effector 2210 and the shaft2230.

In at least one example, a surgical instrument 2200 can be assembledfrom a curved long shaft 2230 and an end effector 2210′ comprising adefault staple cartridge size (e.g. 25 mm). In such examples, the endeffector information yields a zero adjustment value and the shaftinformation yields the first adjustment value 2284, which modify thedefault minimum closure stroke or distance 2282 to a final minimumclosure stroke or distance 2289, as illustrated in Graph 2280. In otherexamples, the surgical instrument 2200 can be assembled from variouscombinations of end effectors and shafts that yield different adjustmentvalues for modifying the default minimum closure stroke or distance2282.

Further to the above, the end-effector information 2271 and the shaftinformation 2273 can cause the control circuit 1210 to adjust a defaultclosure range 2281 of user-selectable closure strokes or distances ofthe surgical instrument 2200. A closure range of a surgical instrument2200 is a range of permissible or recommended closure strokes ordistances that bring an end effector of the surgical instrument 2200such as, for example, the end effector 2210 to a closed configurationsuitable for deploying staples into tissue grasped between an anvil anda staple cartridge of the end effector. In at least one example, theclosure range of a surgical instrument 2200 can be in the form of avisual guide presented to a user by the indicator 1209.

In various examples, the closure range of a surgical instrument 2200 isdefined by the control circuit 1210 based on the end-effectorinformation and/or the shaft information received from the RFID scanners2203, 2204. Graph 2280 depicts, for example, a default closure range2281, an adjusted closure range 2283, and an adjusted closure range2285. The adjusted closure range 2283 is defined by the control circuit1210 in response to the shaft information transmitted from the RFIDscanner 2204. The adjusted closure range 2285 is defined by the controlcircuit 1210 in response to end-effector information transmitted fromthe RFID scanner 2202 and shaft information transmitted from the RFIDscanner 2204. In other words, the adjusted closure range 2285 is definedby the cumulative impact of the end-effector information and the shaftinformation.

In various aspects, the transmitted shaft information can include theadjusted closure range 2283. Alternatively, the transmitted shaftinformation can includes upper and lower adjustment values of thedefault closure range 2281. Alternatively, the transmitted shaftinformation can include shaft identification information. In at leastone example, the control circuit 1210 can determine an adjusted closurerange 2283 from a database or lookup table stored in the memory 1212,for example, based on the shaft identification information.

In various aspects, the transmitted end-effector information can includean adjusted closure range. Alternatively, the transmitted end-effectorinformation can includes upper and lower adjustment values of thedefault closure range 2281. Alternatively, the transmitted end-effectorinformation can include end-effector identification information. In atleast one example, the control circuit 1210 can determine an adjustedclosure range from a database or lookup table stored in the memory 1212,for example, based the end-effector identification information.

In at least one example, the control circuit 1210 can determine anadjusted closure range 2285 from a database or lookup table stored inthe memory 1212, for example, based on shaft identification informationand end-effector identification information. In at least one example,the control circuit 1210 can determine an adjusted closure range 2285from the cumulative impact of upper and lower adjustment values of thedefault closure range 2281, which are provided by the end-effectorinformation and shaft information.

Referring still to FIG. 22 , Graph 2290 illustrates firing velocity(m/s) on the Y-axis verses time (seconds) on the X-axis. In example ofGraph 2290, the firing velocity represents the velocity of alongitudinally movable firing member coupled to a motor 2160 (FIG. 19 )of the surgical instrument 2200, and configured to effect deployment ofstaples from the stapling head assembly 2307 toward the anvil 2400, andadvancement of the knife member 340, as described above in greaterdetail. In other examples, the firing velocity can be a rotationvelocity of the motor 2160.

Graph 2280 illustrates adjustments made to a default maximum threshold2292 of the firing velocity of the surgical instrument 2200, which arebased on end-effector information and shaft information received by acontrol circuit 1210 from RFID scanners 2202, 2204, as described abovein greater detail. The shaft information identifies a long curved shaft2230, and provides a corresponding first adjustment value 2294 to thedefault maximum threshold 2292. Similarly, the end-effector informationidentifies an end effector 2210 with a staple cartridge comprising asize of 31 mm, and provides a corresponding second adjustment value 2296to the default maximum threshold 2292.

In the example of Graph 2290, the adjustment values 2294, 2296 arecombined 2295 to reduce the default maximum threshold 2292 to a finalmaximum threshold 2298 of the firing velocity of the surgical instrument2200. The adjustment values 2294, 2296 can be part of the end-effectorinformation and the shaft information, respectively, or can bedetermined by the control circuit 1210 from a database or lookup tablestored in the memory 1212, for example, based on identificationinformation of the end effector 2210 and the shaft 2230.

In at least one example, a surgical instrument 2200 can be assembledfrom a curved long shaft 2230 and an end effector 2210′ comprising adefault staple cartridge size (e.g. 25 mm). In such examples, the endeffector information yields a zero adjustment value and the shaftinformation yields the adjustment value 2294, which modify the defaultmaximum threshold 2282 to a final maximum threshold 2297, as illustratedin Graph 2290. In other examples, the surgical instrument 2200 can beassembled from various combinations of end effectors and shafts thatyield different adjustment values for modifying the default maximumthreshold 2292 of the firing velocity.

Further to the above, Graph 2290 depicts three firing velocity curves2307, 2301, 2302 that represent three different firing algorithms. Thefiring velocity curve 2307 represents a first firing algorithm thatfailed to comply with the default maximum threshold 2292 of the firingvelocity due to failure to account for inertia of the firing member. Thefiring velocity curve 2301 represents a second firing algorithm thatfailed to comply with a statically adjusted maximum threshold 2298 dueto failure to account for inertia of the firing member. The firingvelocity curve 2302 represents a third firing algorithm that dynamicallymodified a statically adjusted final maximum threshold 2298 by anadjustment value 2304 to achieve a dynamically and statically adjustedfinal maximum threshold 2299. The adjustment value 2304 is based on aslope 2305 of the velocity curve 2302.

In at least one example, as illustrated in FIG. 23 , a process 2310depicting a control program or a logic configuration for operating thesurgical instrument 2200, in accordance with at least one aspect of thepresent disclosure. In at least one example, the process 2310 isexecuted by a control circuit 1210 (FIG. 15 ) that includes a processor1214 and a memory 1212 storing a set of computer-executable instructionsthat, when executed by the processor 1214, cause the processor 1214 toperform of the process 2310. In certain examples, a set ofcomputer-executable instructions, stored in the memory 1212 may causethe processor 1214 to perform discrete portions of the process 2310.Although the process 2310 is described as being executed by a controlcircuit 1210, this is merely for brevity, and it should be understoodthat the process 2310 and other processes described herein, or portionsthereof, can be executed by circuitry that can include a variety ofhardware and/or software components and may be located in or associatedwith various suitable systems such as, for example, combinational logiccircuits or sequential logic circuits.

Further to the above, the process 2310 comprises receiving 2312 inputfrom the RFID scanner 2202 indicative of the end-effector information,receiving 2314 input from the RFID scanner 2204 indicative of the shaftinformation, and statically adjusting 2316 a default maximum threshold2292 of the firing velocity of the surgical instrument 2200 to a finalmaximum threshold 2298 based on the end-effector information and theshaft information. Additionally, in certain instances, the process 2310further comprises dynamically adjusting 2318 the final maximum threshold2298 of the firing velocity to a new final maximum threshold 2299 basedon the slope 2305 of the firing velocity curve 2302 to account for thefiring member inertia, as illustrated in the example of Graph 2290.

Referring primarily to FIG. 24 , three motor assemblies 5000, 5000′,5000″ are interchangeably usable with a surgical instrument 5002. Themotor assemblies 5000, 5000′, 5000″ include motors 5001, 5001′, 5001″and gearboxes 5003, 5003′, 5003″, respectively. The motors 5001, 5001′,5001″, even with similar design parameters, have differing outputs basedon winding techniques, wire quality, internal component quality, and/ormagnetic densities. Further, the gearboxes 5003, 5003′, 5003″ associatedwith the motors 5001, 5001′, 5001″ also have variable losses andefficiencies based on their materials, lubrications, tolerance stack-up,and manufacturing methodologies. The implication of these variations isthat motor assemblies such as, for example, the motor assemblies 5000,5000′, 5000″ are likely to have dramatically different efficiencies andoutputs for the same applied voltage and current, even if they areproduced by a single supplier. In various aspects, the surgicalinstrument 5002 addresses these variations by employing an RFID system5004 that is configured for detection and communication with a motorassembly 5000, for example, in order to retrieve information associatedwith the motor assembly 5000 that can aid the surgical instrument 5002in addressing motor-assembly variations. In various aspects, thedetection a motor assembly such as, for example, the motor assembly 5000is achieved only when the surgical instrument 5002 is in an assembledconfiguration with the motor assembly 5000, as described in greaterdetail below.

FIG. 26 is a graph 5009 with three lines 5011, 5011′, 5011″ thatrepresent the relationship between motor torque (NM) on the Y-axis andmotor speed (RPM) on the X-axis for the motors 5001, 5001′, 5001″,respectively. The lines 5011, 5011′, 5011″ demonstrate variations thatexist among interchangeable motors. The lines 5011, 5011′, 5011″intersect the Y-axis at different points that represent the motor-stalltorques 5015, and intersect the X-axis at different points thatrepresent the no-load speeds 5017. The graph 5009 also shows the motors'speeds at maximum suitable power. In various aspects, as described belowin greater detail, information extracted from the relationshipsrepresented by the lines 5011, 5011′, 5011″ can used by a controlcircuit 1210 to adjust one or more operational parameters of a motor,select an a control algorithm, and/or adjust a default control algorithmto ensure delivery of predictable outputs from the motor assemblies5000, 5000′, 5000″.

Referring still to FIG. 24 , the surgical instrument 5002 includes ahousing assembly 5006 that has a motor-assembly compartment 5007configured to interchangeably receive, and be releasably coupled with,motor assemblies such as, for example the motor assemblies 5000, 5000′,5000″. For brevity, the following description of the interaction betweenthe surgical instrument 5002 and a motor assembly will focus on themotor assembly 5000. Nonetheless the following description is equallyapplicable to other suitable motor assemblies such as, for example, themotor assemblies 5000′. Although the housing assembly 5006 is depictedin the form of a handle, this is not limiting. In various instances, thehousing assembly 100 can be a component of a robotic system, forexample.

The surgical instrument 5002 is similar in many respects to othersurgical instruments described elsewhere herein such as, for example,the surgical instruments 100, 1100. For example, the surgical instrument5002 includes a shaft 5008 extending distally from the housing assembly5006, and an end effector 5019 extending distally from the shaft 5008.Various end effectors suitable for use with the surgical instrument 5002such as, for example, a circular stapler end effector that includes ananvil 400 and a stapling head assembly 300, are described elsewhere inthe present disclosure and/or other disclosures incorporated byreference in the present disclosure.

The motor assembly 5000 is movable relative to the housing assembly 5006between an assembled configuration and an unassembled configuration withthe housing assembly 500. Various suitable electrical connectors can beemployed to connect a power source 5014 in the housing assembly 5006 tothe motor assembly 5000 to power to the motor 5001 in the assembledconfiguration. Also, various suitable mechanical connectors can beemployed to operably transmit a motion, generated by the motor 5001,from the gearbox 5003 to the end effector to treat tissue grasped by theend effector.

U.S. Pat. No. 9,504,520, titled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH MODULAR MOTOR,and issued Nov. 29, 2016, which is hereby incorporated by referenceherein in its entirety, describes several mechanical and electricalconnectors that are suitable for use with the surgical instrument 5002and the motor assembly 5000. In at least one example, a motor assembly5000 comprises a body 5010, a base 5011, and a pair of pogo pins, forexample, that are configured to deliver electrical power to the motor5001 housed within body 5010. Pogo pins can engage a plurality of wiresin the housing assembly 5006, which are coupled to an electrical powersource 5014. In various aspects, the motor assembly 5000 is secured orretained within, or at least partially within, the motor-assemblycompartment 5007 of the housing assembly 5006 by latching members,clamps, clips, screw-down members, etc. When motor assembly 5000 isinserted into the motor-assembly compartment 5007, the mechanical andelectrical connectors of the motor assembly 5000 are coupled tocorresponding structures within the housing assembly 5006 through anelectro-mechanical interface 5023 (FIG. 27 ) to form the assembledconfiguration.

Referring to FIG. 27 , the RFID system 5004 includes an RFID scanner5022 and RFID tag 5021 detectable by the RFID scanner in the assembledconfiguration. In various aspects, the RFID scanner 5022 is configuredto read and/or write to the RFID tag 5021 in the assembledconfiguration. In the example illustrated in FIG. 27 , the RFID scanner5022 comprises a detection range defined by a distance “d”. The RFID tag5021 is at or within the detection range defined by the distance “d”when the motor assembly 5000 is in an assembled configuration with thehousing assembly 5006.

Referring still to FIG. 27 , the RFID scanner 5022 is coupled to acontrol circuit 1210 that includes a microcontroller comprising aprocessor 1214 and a storage medium such as, for example, the memory1212, as described elsewhere herein in greater detail. The RFID tag 5021stores information indicative of the motor assembly 5000, which is readby the RFID scanner 5022 while the motor assembly 5000 is retained bythe motor-assembly compartment 5007 in the assembled configuration.

In at least one example, the control circuit 1210 receives an input fromthe RFID scanner 5022 indicative of the motor-assembly information, andadjusts one or more parameters of operation of the motor 5001 based onthe motor-assembly information. The control circuit 1210 can employ amotor driver 5018 to perform the parameter adjustments. In the exampleillustrated in FIG. 27 , the motor driver 5018 is positioned within thehousing assembly 5006, and interfaces with the motor 5001 in theassembled configuration through the electro-mechanical interface 5023.In other examples, the motor driver 5018 is a part of the motor assembly5000, and is configured to interface with the control circuit 1210through the electro-mechanical interface 5023.

Referring to FIG. 28 , the processor 1214 of the control circuit 1210can be configured to select a control algorithm of the surgicalinstrument 5002 based on the motor-assembly information retrieved fromthe RFID tag 5021 by the RFID scanner 5022. The control algorithms canbe stored in the memory 1214, for example, in the form of a database ora look-up table 5030. Alternatively, or additionally, the motor-assemblyinformation of a motor assembly can include a control algorithmrecommended for use with the motor assembly.

In various examples, the motor-assembly information of a motor assembly5000, for example, comprises one or more of identification information,manufacturer information, and specific tolerances of the motor 5001and/or the gearbox 5003, for example. The motor-assembly information caninclude model numbers, lot numbers, manufacturing dates, and/or anyother relevant information.

In the example illustrated in FIG. 28 , each row represents a controlalgorithm associated with a motor assembly, which can be selected by theprocessor 1214 based on the retrieved motor-assembly information. Thevalues in the outer left column are based on input from the RFID scanner5022 indicative of the motor-assembly information of motor assembliesMA₁-MA_(n). In at least one example, the values in the outer left columncan be motor-assembly identification or model numbers. The middlecolumns include values of motor velocity, inertia/dynamic breaking,stroke length, current limits/force limits that are associated with eachof the motor assemblies MA₁-MA_(n). The values in the outer right columnrepresent suitable voltage and discharge values of a power source 5014configured to power motor assemblies MA₁-MA_(n) when coupled to thesurgical instrument 5002.

Referring still to FIG. 5 , in various aspects, the control circuit 1210is configured to employ the RFID system 5004 to retrieve motor-assemblyinformation that identify a motor assembly coupled to the surgicalinstrument 5002. The control circuit 1210 then determines, from thelook-up table 5030 suitable voltage and discharge values for the powersource 5014 based on the retrieved motor-assembly information.

In various aspects, the control circuit 1210 employs a formula orcalibration factor to adjust the operational parameters of a motorassembly 5000, for example. The formula or calibration factor can bestored by the RFID tag 5021, and received by the control circuit 1210through input from the RFID scanner 5022. Alternatively, the formula orcalibration factor can be retrieved from a storage medium such as, forexample, the memory 1212 based on identification information of thememory assembly associated with such formula or calibration factor.

Referring to FIG. 25 , a logic flow diagram of a process 5050 depicts acontrol program or a logic configuration for adjusting operationalparameters of a motor 5001, for example, of the surgical instrument5002. In at least one example, the process 5050 is executed by a controlcircuit 1210 (FIG. 27 ) that includes a processor 1214 and a memory 1212storing a set of computer-executable instructions that, when executed bythe processor 1214, cause the processor 1214 to perform of the process5050. In certain examples, a set of computer-executable instructions,stored in the memory 1212 may cause the processor 1214 to performdiscrete portions of the process 5050. Although the process 5050 isdescribed as being executed by a control circuit 1210, this is merelyfor brevity, and it should be understood that the process 5050 and otherprocesses described herein, or portions thereof, can be executed bycircuitry that can include a variety of hardware and/or softwarecomponents and may be located in or associated with various suitablesystems such as, for example, combinational logic circuits or sequentiallogic circuits.

In various aspects, the process 5050 includes reading 5051 an internalcomponent identification information from an RFID tag 5021 by an RFIDscanner 5022, for example. In at least one example, the internalcomponent is a motor assembly 5000, a motor 5001, a gearbox 5003, or apower source 5014. The process 5050 further determines 5052 whether analgorithm adjustment parameter is included with the internal componentidentification information. If so, the process 5050 adjusts 5053 acontrol algorithm associated with the internal component in accordancewith the received algorithm adjustment parameter. If an algorithmadjustment parameter is included, the process 5050 uses 5054 theinternal component identification information to retrieve an algorithmadjustment parameter, or select a suitable control algorithm, for theinternal component based on a database or look-up table of internalcomponent identification information and corresponding algorithmadjustment parameters, or control algorithms.

Many surgical instruments utilize a battery to provide the electricalpower required to operate a surgical instrument. Such batteries caninclude, for example, a primary cell/non-rechargeable battery such as analkaline battery or a lithium battery, or a secondary cell/rechargeablebattery such as a nickel metal hydride battery or a lithium ion battery.The different types of batteries can have different materials,chemistries, sizes, electrical characteristics (e.g., nominal voltages,discharge rates, etc.), discharge efficiencies, and costs. The type ofbattery utilized in a given surgical instrument is typically selectedbased on a variety of factors such as, among other things, disposablevs. rechargeable, size, output characteristics and cost.

As battery technology continues to advance, different batterychemistries having different capacities, output characteristics, etc.continue to evolve. It is now conceivable that throughout the usefullife of a given surgical instrument, different battery packs which havediffering capabilities and are made by different manufacturers may beutilized at different times with the given surgical instrument. For suchinstances, in order to optimize the performance of the surgicalinstrument, it is desirable for the given surgical instrument to be ableto differentiate between the different batteries.

It is also now conceivable that throughout the useful life of a givenbattery, the given battery may be utilized to power different surgicalinstruments at different times, where the power requirements of thedifferent surgical instruments can vary. Therefore, in order to matchthe capability of the battery with the power requirement of a givensurgical instrument, it is desirable for the battery to be able todifferentiate between the different surgical instruments and to be ableto adjust the electrical characteristics of the battery as needed.

FIG. 29 illustrates a partial perspective view of a surgical instrument3000, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.The surgical instrument 3000 is similar to the surgical circularstapling instrument 10 described hereinabove and includes a housingassembly 3002, a shaft assembly 3004, a stapling head assembly (notshown) and an anvil (not shown), where the housing assembly 3002 issimilar or identical to the housing assembly 100, the shaft assembly3004 is similar or identical to the shaft assembly 200, the staplinghead assembly (not shown) is similar or identical to the stapling headassembly 300 and the anvil (not shown) is similar or identical to theanvil 400. As shown in FIG. 29 , the surgical instrument 3000 is alsoconfigured to receive a battery 3006. In some aspects, the surgicalinstrument 3000 further includes the battery 3006. Although not shownfor purposes of clarity in FIG. 29 , the surgical instrument alsoincludes an electric motor 3008 (See FIG. 30 ) which is similar oridentical to the motor 160. The electric motor 3008 is couplable withthe battery 3006, and is configured to move the anvil toward the staplehead assembly to grasp tissue between the anvil and the staple headassembly, and to fire staples of the stapling head assembly into thegrasped tissue. Although the surgical instrument 3000 is shown as acircular stapler, it will be appreciated that according to otheraspects, the surgical instrument 3000 may be a linear stapler or otherpowered surgical instrument. In various aspects the adaptive surgicalinstrument 3194 is similar in many respects to the surgical instrument2200, and can be assembled from one or more of the interchangeablecomponents of the surgical instrument 2200 illustrated in FIG. 18 .

The battery 3006 may be any suitable type of battery, and may includeany suitable number of cells. For example, according to various aspects,the battery 3006 may include a lithium battery such as a lithiummanganese oxide (Li—MnO₂) or CR123 battery, a lithium ion battery suchas a 15270 battery, an alkaline battery such as a manganese oxide (MnO₂)battery, a nickel metal hydride battery, etc. In at least one aspect,the battery 3006 is in the form of a battery pack which includes aplurality of cells. For purposes of brevity, the battery 3006 will bereferred to hereinafter as the battery pack 3006. The battery pack 3006is similar to the battery pack 120 but is different in that the batterypack 3006 includes a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag 3010positioned within the battery pack 3006. The RFID tag 3010 storesinformation related to the battery pack 3006 and such information mayinclude, for example, a battery identification number, themanufacturer/brand of batteries in the battery pack 3006, thechemistry/type of batteries (lithium, lithium-ion, etc.) in the batterypack 3006, whether the type of batteries in the battery pack 3006 arechargeable or non-rechargeable, the capacity of the battery pack 3006,the nominal voltage of the batteries in the battery pack 3006, thecurrent draw characteristics of the batteries in the battery pack 3006,other output characteristics of the battery pack 3006, etc. The RFID tag3010 is very compact in size (e.g., 13 mm square or less), therebyallowing for the RFID tag 3010 to be incorporated into the battery pack3006 without unduly increasing the overall size of the battery pack3006. According to various aspects, the RFID tag 3010 may be similar tothe miniaturized RFID tag described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,171,244.

The surgical instrument 3000 is different from the surgical circularstapling instrument 10 in that the surgical instrument 3000 furtherincludes an RFID scanner 3012. The RFID scanner 3012 is positionedwithin the housing assembly 3002 and is configured to read theinformation stored at the RFID tag 3010, where the stored information isrelated to the battery pack 3006. The RFID scanner 3012 is alsoconfigured to communicate data indicative of the read information to acontrol circuit 3014 (See FIG. 30 ) of the surgical instrument 3000 forprocessing. The RFID tag 3010 and the RFID scanner 3012 cooperate tocollectively allow for the surgical instrument 3000 to be able toidentify the battery pack 3006, and determine whether the battery pack3006 is suitable for use with the surgical instrument 3000.

As illustrated in FIG. 29 , the RFID scanner 3012 is positioned at abattery interface 3013 of the housing assembly 3002. The RFID tag 3010is configured to be detected by the RFID scanner 3012 in an assembled,or at least partially assembled, configuration of the battery 3006 withthe housing assembly 3002. This approach eliminates the need for aseparate scanning step by tethering the detection of the RFID tag 3010by the RFID scanner 3012 to the assembly of the battery 3006 to thehousing assembly 3002. It also ensures that the detected battery 3006 isthe one ultimately assembled with the housing assembly 3002. In variousaspects, the detection range of an RFID scanner 3012 is limited suchthat it is only able to detect a corresponding RFID tag 3010 in anassembled, or at least partially assembled, configuration of the battery3006 with the housing assembly 3002.

Similarly, the RFID tag 3032 is positioned at the battery interface 3013of the housing assembly 3002. The RFID tag 3032 is configured to bedetected by the RFID scanner 3034 in an assembled, or at least partiallyassembled, configuration of the battery 3006 with the housing assembly3002. In various aspects, the detection range of an RFID scanner 3034 islimited such that it is only able to detect a corresponding RFID tag3032 in an assembled, or at least partially assembled, configuration ofthe battery 3006 with the housing assembly 3002.

In various aspects, as illustrated in FIG. 29 , the RFID scanner 3034and the RFID tag 3010 are configured to be aligned with the RFID tag3032 and the RFID scanner 3012, respectively, in the assembledconfiguration. The alignment, once achieved, brings the RFID tag 3010within the detection range of the RFID scanner 3012, and the RFID tag3032 within the detection range of the RFID scanner 3034.

FIG. 30 illustrates a control circuit 3014 of the surgical instrument3000, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.The control circuit 3014 is communicably connected to the RFID scanner3012 and is similar to the control circuit 1210 in that the controlcircuit 3014 includes a processor 3016 and a storage medium such as, forexample, a memory 3018. The memory 3018 stores program instructions forperforming various processes such as, for example, determining whetherthe battery pack 3006 is compatible for use with the surgical instrument3000 (e.g., battery compatibility verification). The programinstructions, when executed by the processor 3016, cause the processor3016 to verify the compatibility of the battery pack 3006 with thesurgical instrument 3000 by comparing the information received from theRFID tag 3010 to information stored in the memory 3018. The informationstored at the memory 3018 may be in the form of, for example, acompatibility database or a lookup table which includes informationregarding identification information for batteries which can be utilizedwith the surgical instrument 3000, output characteristics of batterieswhich can be utilized with the surgical instrument 3000, etc. Accordingto various aspects, the control circuit 3014 is communicably connectedto other processors and/or memories of the surgical instrument 3000and/or a surgical hub system, and the described functionality of thecontrol circuit 3014 can be realized with the other processors and/ormemories of the surgical instrument 3000 and/or the surgical hub system.The surgical hub system is described in U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/209,395, titled METHOD OF HUB COMMUNICATION, and filed Dec. 4, 2018,the entire content of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein.

FIG. 31 illustrates a logic flow diagram of a process 3020 depicting acontrol program or a logic configuration for operating the surgicalinstrument 3000, in accordance with at least one aspect of the presentdisclosure. In at least one example, the process 3020 is executed by thecontrol circuit 3014. In certain examples, a set of computer-executableinstructions, stored in the memory 3018 of the control circuit 3014, maycause the processor 3016 of the control circuit 3014 to perform discreteoperations of the process 3020. Although the process 3020 is beingdescribed in the context of being executed by the control circuit 3014,it will be understood that the process 3020 and other processesdescribed herein, or portions thereof, can be executed by circuitry thatcan include a variety of hardware and/or software components and may belocated in or associated with various suitable systems such as, forexample, combinational logic circuits or sequential logic circuits.

As illustrated in FIG. 31 , the process 3020 includes detecting 3022battery information of the RFID tag 3010 via the RFID scanner 3012. Invarious aspects, the RFID scanner 3012 can perform the detectionwhenever the battery pack 3006 is brought in close proximity to thesurgical instrument 3000. In other instances, the RFID scanner 3012performs the detection after the battery pack 3006 is inserted into thehousing assembly 3002 of the surgical instrument 3000. The RFID scanner3012 thereafter communicates 3024 data which is indicative of thedetected battery information of the RFID tag 3010 to the control circuit3014. The communication of the data may be realized by wiredcommunication or by wireless communication. The processor 3016 of thecontrol circuit 3014 thereafter checks/compares 3026 the communicateddata against a battery/surgical instrument compatibility database orlookup table which may be stored in the memory 3018 of the controlcircuit 3014. If the check/comparison 3026 results in a match 3029, theprocessor 3016 determines 3028 the battery pack 3006 is compatible foruse with the surgical instrument 3000, and a user of the surgicalinstrument 3000 may be alerted to the compatibility by a visual oraudible indicator such as, for example, a light emitting diode or aspeaker. However, if the check/comparison 3026 does not result in amatch 3029, the processor 3016 determines 3030 the battery pack 3006 isincompatible for use with the surgical instrument 3000, and a user ofthe surgical instrument 3000 may be alerted to the incompatibility by avisual or audible indicator such as, for example, a light emitting diodeor a speaker. Additionally, in at least one aspect, when the processor3016 determines that the battery pack 3006 is incompatible with thesurgical instrument 3000, the processor 3016 may communicate a signal orinstruction which operates to cause one or more functionalities of thesurgical instrument 3000 to be electrically locked out (e.g., bypreventing power being applied to the electric motor 3008 of thesurgical instrument 3000). Although the process 3020 was described inthe context of a given battery pack 3006, it will be appreciated thatthe above-described process 3020 may be repeated any number of times forany number of different battery packs.

Returning to FIG. 29 , in at least one aspect, the surgical instrument3000 further includes an RFID tag 3032 positioned within the housingassembly 3002, and the battery pack 3006 further includes an RFIDscanner 3034 positioned within the battery pack 3006. The RFID tag 3032is similar to the RFID tag 3010, and stores information related to thesurgical instrument 3000. Such information may include, for example, asurgical instrument identification number, the manufacturer/brand of thesurgical instrument, the type of surgical instrument (circular stapler,linear stapler, grasper, etc.), type of motor in the surgical device(brushed, brushless), performance capabilities of the surgicalinstrument, control algorithms residing at the surgical instrument, etc.The RFID scanner 3034 is similar to the RFID scanner 3012, and isconfigured to read the information stored at the RFID tag 3032, wherethe stored information is related to the surgical instrument 3000, andcommunicate data which is indicative of the read information to acontrol circuit 3040 (See FIG. 32 ) of the battery pack 3006 forprocessing. The RFID tag 3032 and the RFID scanner 3034 collectivelyallow for the battery pack 3006 to be able to identify the surgicalinstrument 3000, and verify that the surgical instrument 3000 issuitable for use with the battery pack 3006.

FIG. 32 illustrates a control circuit 3040 of the battery pack 3006, inaccordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. Thecontrol circuit 3040 is communicably connected to the RFID scanner 3034and is similar to the control circuit 3014 in that the control circuit3040 includes a processor 3042 and a storage medium such as, forexample, a memory 3044. The memory 3044 stores program instructions forperforming various processes such as, for example, determining whetherthe surgical instrument 3000 is compatible for use with the battery pack3006 (e.g., surgical instrument compatibility verification). The programinstructions, when executed by the processor 3042, cause the processor3044 to verify the compatibility of the surgical instrument 3000 withthe battery pack 3006 by comparing the information received from theRFID tag 3032 to information stored in the memory 3044. The informationstored at the memory 3044 may be in the form of, for example, acompatibility database or a lookup table which includes informationregarding identification information for various surgical instruments,power requirements of the various surgical instruments, performanceparameters of the various surgical instruments, etc. The processexecuted by the control circuit 3040 to verify the compatibility of thesurgical instrument 3000 with the battery pack 3006 is analogous to theprocess 3020 utilized by the control circuit 3014 to verify thecompatibility of the battery pack 3006 with the surgical instrument3000. For example, when the processor 3042 determines that the surgicalinstrument 3000 is incompatible with the battery pack 3006, theprocessor 3042 may communicate a signal or instruction which operates toelectrically lockout the battery pack 3006 and prevent the battery pack3006 from providing power to the surgical instrument 3000.

In view of the above-described aspects, it will be appreciated that anumber of different batteries can be compatible with the surgicalinstrument 3000. Stated differently, the surgical instrument 3000 can becompatible with a number of different batteries. When the surgicalinstrument 3000 includes the RFID scanner 3012 and the RFID tag 3032,and various batteries include a RFID tag and a RFID scanner withfunctionality similar or identical to those of the RFID tag 3010 and theRFID scanner 3034, the surgical instrument 3000 can identify a pluralityof different batteries and determine the compatibility of each of thosebatteries with the surgical instrument 3000. Similarly, when the batterypack 3006 includes the RFID tag 3010 and the RFID scanner 3034, andvarious surgical instruments include a RFID tag and a RFID scanner withfunctionality similar or identical to those of the RFID tag 3032 and theRFID scanner 3032, the battery pack 3006 can identify a plurality ofdifferent surgical instruments and determine the compatibility of eachof those surgical instruments with the battery pack 3006.

FIG. 33 illustrates the compatibility of the surgical instrument 3000with a plurality of different battery packs 3006 a, 3006 b, 3006 c, inaccordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. Thebattery pack 3006 a includes a RFID tag 3010 a and a RFID scanner 3034 apositioned therein, the battery pack 3006 b includes a RFID tag 3010 band a RFID scanner 3034 b positioned therein, and the battery pack 3006c includes a RFID tag 3010 c and a RFID scanner 3034 c positionedtherein. According to various aspects, the battery pack 3006 a includesa CR123/lithium battery, the battery pack 3006 b includes a15270/lithium ion battery, and the battery pack 3006 c includes abattery other than a lithium battery or a lithium ion battery. When anyone of the battery packs 3006 a, 3006 b, 3006 c is in proximity to or isreceived by the surgical instrument 3000, as described above, therespective RFID tag/RFID scanner pairs allow for (1) the surgicalinstrument 3000 to be able to identify the applicable battery pack 3006a, 3006 b, 3006 c, and determine whether the applicable battery pack3006 a, 3006 b, 3006 c is compatible with/suitable for use with thesurgical instrument 3000 and (2) any of the battery packs 3006 a, 3006b, 3006 c to be able to identify the surgical instrument 3000 anddetermine whether the surgical instrument 3000 is compatiblewith/suitable for use with the applicable battery pack 3006 a, 3006 b,3006 c.

Different batteries can have different chemistries, differentcapacities, different output characteristics, different operationalabilities, etc., and different surgical instruments can have differentpower requirements. FIG. 34 illustrates a graph 3050 which shows variousmotor torque/speed/current relationships for the surgical instrument3000 when powered by different battery packs, in accordance with atleast one aspect of the present disclosure. For the graph 3050, units ofspeed (or current) are shown along the vertical axis 3052 and units oftorque are shown along the horizontal axis 3054. The solid line 3056represents the torque-speed relationship for a lithium ion/15270battery, where the left end of the solid line 3056 represents the noload speed and the right end of the solid line 3056 represents the stalltorque. The solid line 3058 represents the torque-speed relationship fora lithium/CR-123 battery, where the left end of the solid line 3058represents the no load speed and the right end of the solid line 3058represents the stall torque. In general, the torque is inverselyproportional to the speed of an output shaft of the electric motor 3008of the surgical instrument 3000. In other words, the greater thespeed—the lower the torque (or the greater the torque, the lower thespeed).

The dashed line 3060 represents the current drawn from a lithiumion/15270 battery, where the left end of the dashed line 3060 representsthe no load current and the right end of the dashed line 3060 representsthe stall current. The dashed line 3062 represents the current drawnfrom a lithium/CR-123 battery, where the left end of the dashed line3062 represents the no load current and the right end of the dashed line3062 represents the stall current. For both batteries, the no-loadcurrent is greater than zero because it takes a certain amount ofcurrent to overcome the internal friction of the electric motor 3008. Ingeneral, when an external load is applied, the current drawn from therespective batteries increases to produce the torque required to matchit (the torque is proportional to the applied current), and the speed ofthe electric motor 3008 is reduced. As the external load is furtherincreased, the speed of the electric motor 3008 is further reduced,eventually reaching stall. In view of the above, it will be appreciatedthat the motor torque/speed/current relationships can vary appreciablybased on the specific battery pack utilized to power the surgicalinstrument 3000.

FIG. 35 illustrates a bar graph 3070 which shows various energydensities for different battery packs which can be utilized with thesurgical instrument 3000, in accordance with at least one aspect of thepresent disclosure. The respective energy densities are representativeof the amounts of energy stored in the different battery packs per unitmass. For the graph 3070, watt-hours per kilogram of mass (Wh/Kg) areshown along the vertical axis 3072 and the different battery packs areshown along the horizontal axis 3074. The bar 3076 representative of theenergy density of a nickel metal hydride rechargeable battery is shownas being approximately 80 Wh/Kg, the bar 3078 representative of theenergy density of a lithium ion rechargeable battery is shown as beingapproximately 160 Wh/Kg, the bar 3080 representative of the energydensity of an alkaline manganese oxide (MnO₂) battery is shown as beingapproximately 205 Wh/Kg, and the bar 3082 representative of the energydensity of a primary/disposable lithium battery is shown as beingapproximately 400 Wh/Kg. In view of the above, it will be appreciatedthat the energy densities of the various battery packs which can beutilized with the surgical instrument 3000 can vary appreciably.

FIG. 36 illustrates a bar graph 3090 which shows comparisons of actualenergy densities vs. rated energy densities for different battery packswhich can be utilized with the surgical instrument 3000, in accordancewith at least one aspect of the present disclosure. For the graph 3090,watt-hours per kilogram of mass (Wh/Kg) are shown along the verticalaxis 3092 and the different battery packs are shown along the horizontalaxis 3094. For each different type of battery, the actual energy densityis less than the rated energy density. In some instances such as for anickel metal hydride rechargeable battery or a lithium ion rechargeablebattery, the actual energy density is only approximately 15%-20% lessthan the rated energy density. For a primary/disposable lithium battery,the actual energy density is approximately 30% less than the ratedenergy density. For the alkaline manganese oxide (MnO₂) battery, theactual energy density is approximately 75% less than the rated energydensity. More specifically, for a nickel metal hydride rechargeablebattery, the bar 3096 representative of the rated energy density isshown as being approximately 75 Wh/Kg and the bar 3098 representative ofthe actual energy density is shown as being approximately 60 Wh/Kg. Fora primary/disposable lithium ion battery, the bar 3100 representative ofthe rated energy density is shown as being approximately 140 Wh/Kg andthe bar 3102 representative of the actual energy density is shown asbeing approximately 120 Wh/Kg. For the alkaline manganese oxide (MnO₂)battery, the bar 3104 representative of the rated energy density isshown as being approximately 210 Wh/Kg and the bar 3106 representativeof the actual energy density is shown as being approximately 50 Wh/Kg.For the primary/disposable lithium battery, the bar 3108 representativeof the rated energy density is shown as being approximately 250 Wh/Kgand the bar 3110 representative of the actual energy density is shown asbeing approximately 170 Wh/Kg. In view of the above, it will beappreciated that the calculated/rated energy density of a given batterywhich can be utilized with the surgical instrument 3000 can varyappreciably.

FIG. 37 illustrates a bar graph 3111 which shows nominal voltages ofdifferent battery packs which can be utilized with the surgicalinstrument 3000, in accordance with at least one aspect of the presentdisclosure. For the graph 3111, units of cell voltage (V) are shownalong the vertical axis 3112 and the different battery packs are shownalong the horizontal axis 3114. For a primary/disposable lithiumbattery, the bar 3116 representative of the nominal cell voltage isshown as being approximately 3.0 volts. For a silver oxide battery, thebar 3118 representative of the nominal cell voltage is shown as beingapproximately 1.6 volts. For an alkaline manganese oxide (MnO₂) battery,the bar 3120 representative of the nominal cell voltage is shown asbeing approximately 1.5 volts. For a nickel metal hydride rechargeablebattery, the bar 3122 representative of the nominal cell voltage isshown as being approximately 1.3 volts. For a lithium ion rechargeablebattery, the bar 3124 representative of the nominal cell voltage isshown as being approximately 3.8 volts. In view of the above, it will beappreciated that the nominal voltages of different battery cells whichcan be utilized with the surgical instrument 3000 can vary appreciably.

Different brands of batteries, which can be made by different companies,can have different capacities (e.g., Ampere-Hours) for a given dischargerate (e.g., current/hour). For example, different brands ofCR-123A/CR17335 batteries can have different capacities for givendischarge rates. Different capacities for given discharge rates fordifferent brands of CR-123A/CR17335 batteries are set forth in Table 1below, where the respective discharge currents will discharge therespective batteries in one hour.

TABLE B1 Code Amp-Hrs Amp-Hrs Amp-Hrs Amp-Hrs Used @ @ @ @ in 100 mA 700mA 1500 mA 2200 mA FIG. Discharge Discharge Discharge Discharge BrandName 38 Current Current Current Current Autec AU 0.616 0.688 0.439 0.625Duracell DC 1.234 0.632 0.730 Energizer EI 1.210 0.655 0.700 Maxell MX1.100 0.466 0.543 Panasonic PS 1.260 0.692 0.692 Powerizer PW 0.8800.499 0.502 PowPower PP 1.040 0.801 0.817 Sanyo SY 1.080 0.487 0.557Tenergy TE 0.900 0.488 0.626

As shown in Table B1, the capacity of a battery can vary based on thedischarge current. For example, for the Autec battery, the capacity isshown in Table 1 as being 0.616 Amp-Hrs at a 100 mA discharge current,0.688 Amp-Hrs at a 700 mA discharge current, 0.439 Amp-Hrs at a 1500 mAdischarge current and 0.625 AmpHrs at a 2200 mA discharge current. Asalso shown in Table 1, at a discharge current of 700 MA, the capacitiesof the different brands of CR-123A/CR17335 batteries can vary from a lowof 0.688 Amp-Hrs for the Autec battery to a high of 1.260 Amp-Hrs forthe Panasonic battery. At a discharge current of 1500 mA, the capacitiesof the different brands of CR-123A/CR17335 batteries can vary from a lowof 0.439 Amp-Hrs for the Autec brand to a high of 0.801 Amp-Hrs for thePowPower brand. At a discharge current of 2200 mA, the capacities of thedifferent brands of CR-123A/CR17335 batteries can vary from a low of0.543 Amp-Hrs for the Maxell brand to a high of 0.817 Amp-Hrs for thePowPower brand. In view of the above, it will be appreciated that thecapacities of different batteries which can be utilized with thesurgical instrument 3000 can vary appreciably based on both themanufacturer/brand of the battery and the discharge current of thebattery.

FIG. 38 illustrates a graph 3130 which shows discharge curves ofdifferent CR123A/CR17335 batteries which can be utilized with thesurgical instrument 3000, in accordance with at least one aspect of thepresent disclosure. For the graph 3130, units of voltage (Volts) areshown along the vertical axis 3132, units of energy charge inAmpere-Hours (Amp-Hrs) are shown along the horizontal axis 3134, and therespective discharge curves are labeled with the two-letter codes listedin Table 1 (e.g., AU, DC, EI, MX, PS, PW, PP, SY, TE) for the differentbrands of batteries. The respective discharge curves correspond to thedifferent brands of CR-123A/CR17335 batteries listed in Table 1 above,and are based on a discharge current of 1500 mA. As shown in FIG. 38 ,each brand of CR-123A/CR17335 battery can have its own characteristicnominal voltage and its own characteristic discharge curve. Stateddifferently, each brand of CR-123A/CR17335 battery can provide differentvoltages for different amounts of time. For example, the Autec battery(Au) is shown as having provided 0.3 Amp-Hrs of energy charge before itsvoltage drops to 2.0 volts whereas the PowPower battery (PP) is shown ashaving provided approximately 0.8 Amp-Hrs of energy charge before itsvoltage drops to 2.0 volts. In view of the above, it will be appreciatedthat the energy charge provided by different batteries which can beutilized with the surgical instrument 3000 can vary appreciably.

FIG. 39 illustrates a graph 3140 which shows a discharge curve 3142 fora lithium-ion battery which can be utilized with the surgical instrument3000, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.For the graph 3140, units of voltage (Volts) are shown along thevertical axis 3144 and units of capacity (Ah) are shown along thehorizontal axis 3146. As shown in FIG. 39 , the nominal voltage of thelithium-ion battery is approximately 4.3 volts, the lithium-ion batteryprovides a voltage of at least approximately 3.75 volts until thelithium-ion battery has discharged approximately 5.0 Ah of capacity,then the voltage provided by the lithium-ion battery drops significantlythereafter until the lithium-ion battery has fully dischargedapproximately 5.5 Ah of its capacity.

The discharge rate of a given battery can vary by temperature, sometimesdramatically. FIG. 40 illustrates a graph 3150 which shows differentdischarge curves for different temperatures of a lithium-ion batterywhich can be utilized with the surgical instrument 3000, in accordancewith at least one aspect of the present disclosure. For the graph 3150,units of voltage (Volts) are shown along the vertical axis 3152, unitsof capacity (Ah) are shown along the horizontal axis 3154, and thedischarge current is 1100 mA which is equivalent to a C/5 rate for thelithium-ion battery. A C-rate is a measure of the rate at which abattery is discharged relative to its maximum capacity. As shown in FIG.40 , for the discharge curve 3156, which represents the discharge curvefor the lithium-ion battery at −40° C., the lithium-ion battery providesa voltage of at least 3.0 volts until the lithium-ion battery hasdischarged approximately 2.0 Ah of capacity, then provides a voltageslightly below 3.0 volts until the lithium-ion battery has dischargedapproximately 3.5 Ah of capacity, then the voltage provided by thelithium-ion battery begins to drop significantly thereafter. For thedischarge curve 3158, which represents the discharge curve for thelithium-ion battery at −30° C., the lithium-ion battery provides avoltage of at least 3.0 volts until the lithium-ion battery hasdischarged approximately 4.1 Ah of capacity, then the voltage providedby the lithium-ion battery begins to drop significantly thereafter. Forthe discharge curve 3160, which represents the discharge curve for thelithium-ion battery at 20° C., the lithium-ion battery provides avoltage of at least 3.8 volts until the lithium-ion battery hasdischarged approximately 4.8 Ah of capacity, then the voltage providedby the lithium-ion battery begins to drop significantly thereafter. Forthe discharge curve 3162, which represents the discharge curve for thelithium-ion battery at 60° C., the lithium-ion battery provides avoltage of at least 3.80 volts until the lithium-ion battery hasdischarged approximately 4.5 Ah of capacity, then the voltage providedby the lithium-ion battery begins to drop significantly thereafter. Inview of the above, it will be appreciated that the discharge rate of agiven lithium-ion battery does not vary linearly by temperature, andtemperatures which are too cold or too hot can negatively affect theperformance of the lithium-ion battery.

The energy capacity of a given battery can vary based on the rate thebattery is discharged. FIG. 41 illustrates a graph 3170 which showsdifferent discharge curves for different discharge rates of a CR123battery which can be utilized with the surgical instrument 3000, inaccordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. For thegraph 3170, units of voltage (Volts) are shown along the vertical axis3172, units of power in Watt-Hours (Wh) are shown along the horizontalaxis 3174, and the CR123 battery is a Panasonic Lithium Power battery.As shown by the discharge curve 3176, for a discharge current of 3.0amperes, the energy capacity of the battery is approximately 1.2 Wh. Asshown by the discharge curve 3178, for a discharge current of 2.0amperes, the energy capacity of the battery is approximately 2.3 Wh. Asshown by the discharge curve 3180, for a discharge current of 1.0amperes, the energy capacity of the battery is approximately 3.2 Wh. Asshown by the discharge curve 3182, for a discharge current of 0.5amperes, the energy capacity of the battery is approximately 3.7 Wh. Asshown by the discharge curve 3184, for a discharge current of 0.2amperes, the energy capacity of the battery is approximately 4.1 Wh. Asshown by the discharge curve 3186, for a discharge current of 0.1amperes, the energy capacity of the battery is approximately 4.25 Wh. Inview of the above, it will be appreciated that, in general, the lowerthe discharge current, the greater the energy capacity of the CR123battery. Stated differently, in general, the higher the dischargecurrent, the lower the energy capacity of the CR123 battery.

FIG. 42 illustrates various operational differences between a dumbbattery 3190, an intelligent battery 3192 and an adaptive surgicalinstrument 3194, in accordance with at least one aspect of the presentdisclosure. In various aspects, the battery pack 3006 can be configuredas the dumb battery 3190. For the dumb battery 3190, an RFID tag of thedumb battery 3190 is energized 3196 when the dumb battery 31900 isbrought into proximity with or received by a surgical instrument (e.g.,the surgical instrument 3000), and the dumb battery 3190 thencommunicates battery identification information to an RFID scanner ofthe surgical instrument. The surgical instrument may then utilize thebattery identification information as described above to verify thecompatibility of the dumb battery 3190 with the surgical instrument.

In various aspects, the battery pack 3006 can be configured as theintelligent battery 3192. The intelligent battery 3192 is configured toread 3198 identification information of a surgical instrument,determine/verify 3200 whether the identified surgical instrument iscompatible for use with the intelligent battery 3192, adjust 3202 theoutput characteristics of the intelligent battery 3192 as needed forproper performance of the identified surgical instrument, energize 3204the outputs of the intelligent battery 3192, then provide 3206 theidentified surgical instrument with expected battery identificationinformation so that the identified surgical instrument recognizes it isbeing powered by a known compatible battery. In this way, newer moreintelligent batteries that are not necessarily identified incompatibility databases/lookup tables of the identified surgicalinstrument can nonetheless be permitted to provide power to theidentified surgical instrument. As described in more detail hereinafter,the intelligent battery 3192 can mimic the performance of a knowncompatible battery.

In various aspects, the surgical instrument 3000 can be configured asthe adaptive surgical instrument 3194. For the adaptive surgicalinstrument 3194, the adaptive surgical instrument 3194 powers up 3208,reads 3210 the battery identification information provided by a batterysuch as, for example, the intelligent battery 3192 or the dumb battery3190 when the battery is brought in proximity to or is received by theadaptive surgical instrument 3194, determines/verifies 3212 whether theidentified battery is compatible for use with the adaptive surgicalinstrument 3194, then adjusts 3214 the operation (e.g., motor operation,operational control parameters, etc.) of the adaptive surgicalinstrument 3194 based on the received battery identificationinformation. For example, in various aspects, the operation of theadaptive surgical instrument 3194 can vary depending on whether theidentified battery is rechargeable or non-rechargeable, the chemistry ofthe identified battery (e.g., nickel metal hydride, lithium ion,alkaline manganese oxide, lithium, etc.) and/or the output capabilitiesof the identified battery. In this way, the adaptive surgical instrument3194 can utilize a much wider variety of different batteries thanotherwise possible.

For a given battery pack, the relationship between the voltage potentialof the battery pack and the current drawn from the battery pack is givenby the equation V=IR, where V is the voltage of the battery pack, I isthe current drawn from the battery pack and R is the resistance of theload connected to the battery pack. Because different battery packs canhave different voltage potentials and different internal resistances,the current to be drawn from the battery pack can vary from battery packto battery pack when powering a given surgical instrument. Voltage andcurrent values for two different battery packs, one which includes fourCR123A batteries and one which includes four 15270 batteries, are shownin Table B2 below for various resistances.

TABLE B2 Battery Resistance Voltage Current CR123A  1.5 ohms  7.5 volts5.0 amperes 15270 1.68 ohms 15.0 volts 8.9 amperes

FIG. 43 illustrates a graph 3220 which shows the output currentcapabilities of different battery packs when utilized with the adaptivesurgical instrument 3194, in accordance with at least one aspect of thepresent disclosure. For the graph 3220, units of current I (amperes) areshown along the vertical axis 3222 and units of time are shown along thehorizontal axis 3224. As shown in FIG. 43 , the current output 3226 froma standard CR-123 battery pack (e.g., 4 batteries) can averageapproximately 5.0 amperes between the times X and Y, and the currentoutput 3228 from a standard 15270 battery can average approximately 8.9amperes between the times X and Z. By utilizing the above-described RFIDcapability, the adaptive surgical instrument 3194 can cause the currentdrawn from the standard 15270 battery pack to mimic 3230 the currentwhich would be drawn from the standard CR-123 battery pack. In variousaspects, the adaptive surgical instrument 3194 can achieve this byadapting a speed control algorithm of the adaptive surgical instrument3194 to lower the speed of the electric motor 3008, by increasing theresistance which is seen by the 15270 battery pack, by using a voltagedivider, etc. to cause the 15270 battery pack to adjust its currentoutput to effectively mimic the current output of the standard CR-123battery pack. For example, according to various aspects, a processor ofa control circuit of the adaptive surgical instrument 3194 cancommunicate an instruction which operates to adapt a speed controlalgorithm of the adaptive surgical instrument 3194 or by using a voltagedivider, for example. As the surgical instrument 3000 may be configuredas the adaptive surgical instrument 3194, the control circuit of theadaptive surgical instrument 3194 may be similar or identical to thecontrol circuit 1210 and/or the control circuit 3014. For instanceswhere the 15270 battery pack is an intelligent battery pack (e.g., theintelligent battery 3192), the adaptive surgical instrument 3194 cancommunicate instructions to the intelligent battery pack to operate as aCR-123 battery pack would.

FIG. 44 illustrates a graph 3240 which shows the output voltagecapabilities of different battery packs when utilized with the adaptivesurgical instrument 3194, in accordance with at least one aspect of thepresent disclosure. For the graph 3240, units of voltage (Volts) areshown along the vertical axis 3242 and units of capacity in Ampere-Hours(AmHrs) are shown along the horizontal axis 3244. As shown in FIG. 44 ,the voltage output 3246 from a standard CR-123 battery pack dischargingat a rate of 1.25 amperes per hour can average approximately 7.0 voltsduring the time the standard CR-123 battery pack has discharged fromapproximately 0.05 AmHrs to approximately 0.4 AmHrs, and the voltageoutput 3248 from a standard 15270 battery pack can average approximately14.0 volts during the time the standard 15270 battery pack hasdischarged from approximately 0.08 AmHrs to approximately 0.5 AmHrs. Byutilizing the above-described RFID capability, the adaptive surgicalinstrument 3194 can cause the voltage provided by the standard 15270battery pack to mimic 3250 the voltage provided by the standard CR-123battery pack. In various aspects, the adaptive surgical instrument 3194can achieve this by adapting a speed control algorithm of the adaptivesurgical instrument 3194 to lower the speed of the electric motor 3008,by increasing the resistance which is seen by the 15270 battery pack,etc. to cause the 15270 battery pack to adjust its voltage output toeffectively mimic the voltage output of the standard CR-123 batterypack. For instances where the 15270 battery pack is an intelligentbattery pack (e.g., the intelligent battery 3192), the adaptive surgicalinstrument 3194 can communicate instructions to the intelligent batterypack to operate as a CR-123 battery pack would. In at least one example,a voltage divider could be employed to adjust the voltage output of thebattery pack.

FIG. 45 illustrates a graph 3260 which shows the output voltagecapabilities of different battery packs when utilized with the adaptivesurgical instrument 3194, in accordance with at least one aspect of thepresent disclosure. For the graph 3260, units of voltage (Volts) areshown along the vertical axis 3262 and units of power in Watt-Hours(Whrs) are shown along the horizontal axis 3264. The graph 3260 issimilar to the graph 3240, but is different in that units of power areshown along the horizontal axis 3264. As shown in FIG. 45 , the voltageoutput 3266 from a standard CR-123 battery pack can averageapproximately 7.15 volts during the time the standard CR-123 batterypack has provided approximately 0.25 watt-hours of power to the time thestandard CR-123 battery pack has provided approximately 3.2 watt-hoursof power. During this time period, the voltage provided by the standardCR-123 battery pack is both predictable and stable. Therefore, when theabove-described RFID capability is utilized by the adaptive surgicalinstrument 3194 to cause the voltage 3268 provided by the standard 15270battery pack to mimic 3261 the voltage provided by the standard CR-123battery pack. It follows that the “adjusted” voltage provided by thestandard CR-123 battery pack is also both predictable and stable duringthe above-described time period.

The dimensional size of many surgical instruments continues to getsmaller and smaller. Despite the reduced size, many of the surgicalinstruments have to accommodate increasing loads, higher performancerequirements, and higher over stress conditions. For surgicalinstruments which include radio-frequency identification (RFID)technology such as radio-frequency identification tags and/orradio-frequency identification scanners, in order to meet the reducedsize requirements, the profile of the RFID tags and/or RFID scanners andthe associated electronics are continually getting smaller and lower.These smaller systems may not have the memory overhead, processingpower, or capacities (range, power, etc.) necessary to accomplish all ofthe tasks a user would like from the identification systems of thesurgical instruments. Therefore, in order to provide additionalcapabilities like encryption, authentication of multiple components,compatibility verification of multiple components, reprocessingtracking, etc., in various aspects, it can be desirable to utilizeencryption/decryption keys which are external to the surgicalinstrument, and printed or secondary stored data locations to helpexpand the capabilities and capacities of these smaller less capablesystems.

Returning to FIG. 42 , it will be appreciated that the above-describedfunctionality of the adaptive surgical instrument 3194 is dependent uponthe RFID tag 3010 of the battery pack 3006 being able to communicate thebattery identification information to the adaptive surgical instrument3194 and the RFID scanner 3012 of the adaptive surgical instrument 3194being able to read the battery identification information provided bythe RFID tag 3010 of the battery pack 3006. In certain instances, theadaptive surgical instrument 3194 is unable to determine thecompatibility of the battery pack 3006. For example, in instances wherethe RFID tag 3010 of the battery pack 3006 has experienced a failure(e.g., a failure in an integrated circuit chip of the RFID tag 3010, afailure in the electrical connection between the integrated circuit chipand the antenna of the RFID tag 3010, etc.) such that the RFID tag 3010fails to communicate the battery identification information, theadaptive surgical instrument 3194 is unable to determine thecompatibility of the battery pack 3006. Similarly, in instances wherethe RFID scanner 3012 of the adaptive surgical instrument 3194 hasexperienced a failure (e.g., a failure of a wire in the circuitry of theRFID scanner 3012, a failure in a communication board of the RFIDscanner 3012, etc.) such that the adaptive surgical instrument 3194 isnot able to capture, process and/or communicate the batteryidentification information provided by the battery pack 3006, theadaptive surgical instrument 3194 is unable to determine thecompatibility of the battery pack 3006. For such instances, it isdesirable to have secondary/alternative ways of determining thecompatibility of a given battery pack with a given adaptive surgicalinstrument.

FIG. 46 illustrates a battery 3300 for use with the adaptive surgicalinstrument 3194 of FIG. 42 , in accordance with at least aspect of thepresent disclosure. The battery 3300 may be any suitable type ofbattery, and may include any suitable number of cells. For brevity, thebattery 3300 will be referred to hereinafter as the battery pack 3300.The battery pack 3300 is similar to the battery pack 3006 in that thebattery pack 3300 includes a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag3302, but is different in that the battery pack 3300 also includes aquick response (QR) code 3304 and/or a product code 3306 positioned onan external surface of the battery pack 3300. The RFID tag 3302 may besimilar or identical to the RFID tag 3010.

The QR code 3304 is a machine-readable optical label which containsinformation about the battery pack 3300. Such information can include,for example, a battery identification number, the manufacturer/brand ofbatteries in the battery pack 3300, the chemistry/type of batteries(lithium, lithium-ion, etc.) in the battery pack 3300, whether the typeof batteries in the battery pack 3300 are chargeable ornon-rechargeable, the capacity of the battery pack 3300, the nominalvoltage of the batteries in the battery pack 3300, the current drawcharacteristics of the batteries in the battery pack 3300, other outputcharacteristics of the battery pack 3300, etc. In various aspects, asmartphone, tablet, etc. equipped with a camera and a QR code scannerapplication can be utilized to read the QR code 3304 from the batterypack 3300.

The product code 3306 may include any sequence of numbers, letters,symbols, etc. which uniquely identify the battery pack 3300. In someaspects, the product code 3306 may be utilized to assist the adaptivesurgical instrument 3194 in determining whether the battery pack 3300 iscompatible for use with the adaptive surgical instrument 3194.

FIG. 47 illustrates a logic flow diagram of a process 3320 depicting acontrol program or a logic configuration for operating the adaptivesurgical instrument 3194, in accordance with at least one aspect of thepresent disclosure. In at least one example, the process 3320 isexecuted by a control circuit 1210 (FIG. 15 ) that includes a processor1214 and a memory 1212 storing a set of computer-executable instructionsthat, when executed by the processor 1214, cause the processor 1214 toperform of the process 3320. In certain examples, a set ofcomputer-executable instructions, stored in the memory 1212 may causethe processor 1214 to perform discrete portions of the process 3320.Although the process 3320 is described as being executed by a controlcircuit 1210, this is merely for brevity, and it should be understoodthat the process 3320 and other processes described herein, or portionsthereof, can be executed by circuitry that can include a variety ofhardware and/or software components and may be located in or associatedwith various suitable systems such as, for example, combinational logiccircuits or sequential logic circuits.

The process 3320 includes ways/methods for determining whether a givenbattery pack such as, for example, the battery pack 3300, is compatiblefor use with the adaptive surgical instrument 3194. For brevity, theprocess 3320 will be described in the context of its applicability withthe battery pack 3300. The alternative ways/methods may be utilized ininstances where (1) the battery pack 3300 is unable to communicate thebattery identification information to the adaptive surgical instrument3194 and/or the RFID scanner 3012 of the adaptive surgical instrument3194 is unable to read battery identification information provided bythe RFID tag 3302 of the battery pack 3300 and (2) the adaptive surgicalinstrument 3194 is unable to determine/verify the compatibility of thebattery pack 3300 with the adaptive surgical instrument 3194.

As shown in FIG. 47 , the adaptive surgical instrument 3194 powers up3322, then tries to read 3324 the battery identification informationprovided by the battery pack 3300, when the battery pack 3300 is broughtin proximity to or is received by the adaptive surgical instrument 3194.In instances where the adaptive surgical instrument 3194 is able to read3324 the battery identification information, a control circuit of theadaptive surgical instrument 3194 (e.g., the control circuit 3014 and/oranother control circuit of the adaptive surgical instrument 3194)determines/verifies 3326 whether the identified battery is compatiblefor use with the adaptive surgical instrument 3194, then adjusts 3328the operation (e.g., motor operation, operational control parameters,etc.) of the adaptive surgical instrument 3194 based on the receivedbattery identification information, as described elsewhere herein ingreater detail. For example, in various aspects, the operation of theadaptive surgical instrument 3194 can vary depending on whether theidentified battery is rechargeable or non-rechargeable, the chemistry ofthe identified battery (e.g., nickel metal hydride, lithium ion,alkaline manganese oxide, lithium, etc.) and/or the output capabilitiesof the identified battery. In this way, the adaptive surgical instrument3194 can utilize a much wider variety of different batteries thanotherwise possible. In at least one aspect, in addition to storinginformation in the form of a compatibility database or a lookup table,the memory 3018 of the control circuit 3014 may also store informationin the form of an authentication database.

However, in instances where the adaptive surgical instrument 3194 isunable to read 3324 the battery identification information (e.g., due tofailures in either the RFID tag 3302 of the battery pack 3300 and/orfailures of the RFID scanner 3012 of the adaptive surgical instrument3194), an indication such as, for example, a visual indication or anaudible indication, can be provided through the indicator 1209 (FIG. 19) which notifies a user of the failure of the adaptive surgicalinstrument 3194 to read 3324 the battery identification information. Theuser or another party may then cause the QR code 3304 and/or the productcode 3306 of the battery pack 3300 to be input 3330 to a server. In atleast one aspect, the smartphone, tablet, etc. utilized to capture theQR code 3304 may communicate the QR code 3304 to the server through awired or wireless connection. The communication of the QR code 3304 tothe server may be an encrypted communication, just as the communicationsbetween the battery pack 3300 and adaptive surgical instrument 3194 maybe. The server may be any suitable server such as, for example, a serverof a surgical hub system. An example of a surgical hub system isdescribed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,395, titled METHODOF HUB COMMUNICATION, and filed Dec. 4, 2018, the entire content ofwhich is hereby incorporated by reference herein.

The server is configured to compare the battery identificationinformation provided by the QR code 3304 and/or the product code 3306 toa database/table to determine 3332 the authenticity of the battery pack3300 identified by the QR code 3304 and/or product code 3306. Forinstances where the server determines that the battery pack 3300identified by the QR code 3304 and/or product code 3306 isauthenticated, the server can generate 3334 a temporary override tokenwhich is communicated through a wired or wireless connection to theadaptive surgical instrument 3194, where a control circuit of theadaptive surgical instrument 3194 (e.g., the control circuit 3014 and/oranother control circuit of the adaptive surgical instrument 3194)utilizes the temporary override token as a substitute for the unreadbattery identification information. The communication of the temporaryoverride token to the adaptive surgical instrument 3194 may be anencrypted communication. The temporary override token effectively actsto override the lockout of the operation of the adaptive surgicalinstrument 3194 which can occur when the battery pack 3300 is notauthenticated by the adaptive surgical instrument 3194. In at least oneaspect, the lockout operation is initiated and/or carried out by thecontrol circuit 3014. For instances where the battery pack 3300identified by the QR code 3304 and/or product code 3306 is notauthenticated, an indication such as, for example, a visual indicationor an audible indication, can be provided through the indicator 1209,which notifies a user of the failure to authenticate the battery pack3300.

With the temporary override token in place, the adaptive surgicalinstrument 3194 may then determine/verify 3326 whether the identifiedbattery pack 3300 is compatible for use with the adaptive surgicalinstrument 3194 as described above. However, if for any reason theadaptive surgical instrument 3194 is unable to verify that theidentified battery pack 3300 is compatible with the adaptive surgicalinstrument 3194, an indication such as, for example, a visual indicationor an audible indication, can be provided which notifies a user of thefailure of the adaptive surgical instrument 3194 to verify thecompatibility of the battery pack 3300 with the adaptive surgicalinstrument 3194. In such instances, the user or another party may thencause the QR code 3304 and/or the product code 3306 of the battery pack3300 to be input 3336 to the server. The server is further configured tocompare the battery identification information provided by the QR code3304 and/or the product code 3306 to a database/table to determine 3338whether the battery pack 3300 identified by the QR code 3304 and/orproduct code 3306 is compatible for use with the adaptive surgicalinstrument 3194. For instances where the server determines that thebattery pack 3300 identified by the QR code 3304 and/or product code3306 is compatible with the adaptive surgical instrument 3194, theserver can generate 3340 another temporary override token which iscommunicated to the adaptive surgical instrument 3194, where a controlcircuit of the adaptive surgical instrument 3194 (e.g., the controlcircuit 3014 and/or another control circuit of the adaptive surgicalinstrument 3194) utilizes the temporary override token as a substitutefor the unverified compatibility determination. The communication ofanother temporary override token to the adaptive surgical instrument3194 may be an encrypted communication. The other temporary overridetoken effectively acts to override the lockout of the operation of theadaptive surgical instrument 3194 which can occur when the compatibilityof the battery pack 3300 is not verified by the adaptive surgicalinstrument 3194. The adaptive surgical instrument 3194 may thereafteradjust 3328 the operation (e.g., motor operation, operational controlparameters, etc.) of the adaptive surgical instrument 3194 as describedabove.

Although the description of the process 3320 of FIG. 47 was limited to(1) determining authenticity of the battery pack 3300 and (2)determining/verifying compatibility of the battery pack 3300 and theadaptive surgical instrument 3194, the basic logic of the process 3320may also be utilized to determine the compatibility of any number ofcomponents and/or sub-systems which can be utilized with the adaptivesurgical instrument 3194. For example, by providing a given staplecartridge and a given anvil with the above-described RFID capability,the adaptive surgical instrument 3194 can receive staple cartridgeidentification information from the RFID tag of the given staplecartridge and anvil identification information from the RFID tag of thegiven anvil. In at least one aspect, the shaft assembly of the adaptivesurgical instrument 3194 is configured to receive the anvil, and theadaptive surgical instrument 3194 is configured to receive the staplecartridge. In instances where the staple cartridge identificationinformation and the anvil identification information are encrypted, acontrol circuit of the adaptive surgical instrument 3194 (e.g., thecontrol circuit 3014 and/or another control circuit of the adaptivesurgical instrument 3194) can utilize a universal private key to decryptthe received staple cartridge identification information and thereceived anvil identification information, then determine/verify thecompatibility of the given staple cartridge with the given anvil, aswell as the compatibility of the given staple cartridge and the givenanvil with the adaptive surgical instrument 3194. In instances where itis determined that the staple cartridge is not compatible with theanvil, the server and/or another system may provide an indication of thesource of the incompatibility issue and provide details regarding how tocorrect the incompatibility issue through the indicator 1209, forexample.

Additionally, the basic logic of the process 3320, and QR codes, productcodes and one or more servers as described above, can be utilized todetermine authenticity/compatibility of any number of components and/orsub-systems when the adaptive surgical instrument 3194 is unable toreceive/read the applicable identification information. For example, inaddition to determining the authenticity of the battery pack 3300 andthe compatibility of the battery pack 3300 with the adaptive surgicalinstrument 3194 when the adaptive surgical instrument 3194 is unable toreceive/read the applicable identification information (e.g., due to afailure of the RFID tags and/or RFID scanners), the same basic processof utilizing the QR codes, product codes and one or more servers can beutilized to determine the authenticity of anvils and staple cartridges,as well as the compatibility of a given anvil with a given cartridge, aswell as the compatibility of the given anvil and the given cartridgewith the adaptive surgical instrument 3194. In instances where theserver determines that the staple cartridge is not compatible with theanvil, the server and/or another system may provide an indication of thesource of the incompatibility issue and provide details regarding how tocorrect the incompatibility issue.

Additionally, as many components and sub-systems which can be utilizedwith the adaptive surgical instrument 3194 come in a packaging, ifapplicable QR codes and/or product codes are included on the packaging,the basic logic of the process 3320, and QR codes, product codes and oneor more servers as described above, can be utilized to determineauthenticity/compatibility of any number of components and/orsub-systems which are presumed to be in the packaging.

FIG. 48 illustrates a logic flow diagram of a process 3400 depicting acontrol program or a logic configuration for verifying authenticityand/or compatibility of surgical instruments components of a surgicalinstrument such as, for example, the surgical instruments 2200, 3194. Inat least one example, the process 3400 is executed by a control circuit1210 (FIG. 15 ) that includes a processor 1214 and a memory 1212 storinga set of computer-executable instructions that, when executed by theprocessor 1214, cause the processor 1214 to perform of the process 3400.In certain examples, a set of computer-executable instructions, storedin the memory 1212 may cause the processor 1214 to perform discreteportions of the process 3400. Although the process 3320 is described asbeing executed by a control circuit 1210, this is merely for brevity,and it should be understood that the process 3400 and other processesdescribed herein, or portions thereof, can be executed by circuitry thatcan include a variety of hardware and/or software components and may belocated in or associated with various suitable systems such as, forexample, combinational logic circuits or sequential logic circuits.

In various examples, the control circuit 1210, for example, can employthe process 3400 to verify authenticity and/or compatibility of asurgical instrument and a battery pack releasably couplable to thesurgical instrument between an assembled configuration and anunassembled configuration. In other examples, the control circuit 1210,for example, can employ the process 3400 verifies authenticity and/orcompatibility of an anvil and a staple cartridge of a surgicalinstrument.

As illustrated in FIG. 48 , the process 3400 includes receiving 3402 afirst input indicative of a first identification information of a firstsurgical instrument component of a surgical instrument such as, forexample, the surgical instrument 2200 (FIG. 19 ). The firstidentification information can be stored in a first RFID tag of thefirst surgical instrument component. The process 3400 includes receiving3404 a second input indicative of a second identification information ofa second surgical instrument component of the surgical instrument. Thesecond identification information can be stored in a second RFID tag ofthe second surgical instrument component. As illustrated in FIG. 19 ,for example, control circuit 1210 can be coupled to one or more RFIDscanner configured to read the stored identification information.

The process 3400 further includes receiving 3406 a third inputindicative of a third identification information of a packaging of thefirst surgical instrument component of the surgical instrument. In afirst example, the packaging comprises an RFID tag that stores the thirdidentification information. In a second example, the packaging comprisesa CR code that comprises the third identification information. In athird example, the packaging comprises a product number that comprisesthe third identification information. The third identificationinformation is an encrypted conglomeration of the first identificationinformation and the second identification information, and can beretrieved by the control circuit 1210 via an RFID scanner in the firstexample, or any suitable smartphone, tablet, etc. equipped with a camerain the second and third examples.

In various instances, the process 3400 further includes decrypting 3408the encryption of the third identification information, and determining3410 authenticity of the first and second surgical instrument componentsby comparing the first identification information and the secondidentification information to the decrypted third identificationinformation. In certain instances, the memory 1212 may store adecryption key that can be utilized by the processor 1214 to decrypt theencryption of the third identification information.

Furthermore, in certain examples, the process 3400 may includedetermining 3412 compatibility of the first and second surgicalcomponents based on the first identification information and the secondidentification information. In at least one example, the memory 1212stores a compatibility database or lookup table that can be utilized bythe processor 1214 to assess compatibility of the first and secondsurgical instrument components. In certain examples, the firstidentification information identify the surgical instrument itself, andcan be stored in the memory 1212 of the control circuit 1210 where itcan be retrieved by the processor 1214. In certain examples, the secondsurgical instrument component is a battery pack such as, for example,the battery pack 120. In at least one example, the first surgicalinstrument component is an anvil such as, for example, the anvil 2400,while the second surgical instrument component is a staple cartridgesuch as, for example, the staple cartridge of the stapling head assembly2300. Other examples of first and second surgical instrument componentssuitable for use with the process 3400 are contemplated by the presentdisclosure.

Surgical Hubs

Referring to FIG. 49 , in various aspects, the RFID systems of thepresent disclosure can be utilized in conjunction with acomputer-implemented interactive surgical system 11100 includes one ormore surgical systems 11102 and a cloud-based system (e.g., the cloud11104 that may include a remote server 11113 coupled to a storage device105). Each surgical system 11102 includes at least one surgical hub11106 in communication with the cloud 11104 that may include a remoteserver 11113. In one example, as illustrated in FIG. 49 , the surgicalsystem 11102 includes a visualization system 11108, a robotic system11110, and a handheld intelligent surgical instrument 11112, which areconfigured to communicate with one another and/or the hub 11106. In someaspects, a surgical system 11102 may include an M number of hubs 11106,an N number of visualization systems 11108, an O number of roboticsystems 11110, and a P number of handheld intelligent surgicalinstruments 11112, where M, N, O, and P are integers greater than orequal to one.

FIG. 50 depicts an example of a surgical system 11102 being used toperform a surgical procedure on a patient who is lying down on anoperating table 11114 in a surgical operating room 11116. A roboticsystem 11110 is used in the surgical procedure as a part of the surgicalsystem 11102. The robotic system 11110 includes a surgeon's console11118, a patient side cart 11120 (surgical robot), and a surgicalrobotic hub 11122. The patient side cart 11120 can manipulate at leastone removably coupled surgical tool 11117 through a minimally invasiveincision in the body of the patient while the surgeon views the surgicalsite through the surgeon's console 11118. An image of the surgical sitecan be obtained by a medical imaging device 11124, which can bemanipulated by the patient side cart 11120 to orient the imaging device11124. The robotic hub 11122 can be used to process the images of thesurgical site for subsequent display to the surgeon through thesurgeon's console 11118.

Other types of robotic systems can be readily adapted for use with thesurgical system 11102. Various examples of robotic systems and surgicaltools that are suitable for use with the present disclosure aredescribed in U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/611,339,titled ROBOT ASSISTED SURGICAL PLATFORM, filed Dec. 28, 2017, thedisclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Various examples of cloud-based analytics that are performed by thecloud 11104 and are suitable for use with the present disclosure aredescribed in U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/611,340,titled CLOUD-BASED MEDICAL ANALYTICS, filed Dec. 28, 2017, thedisclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In various aspects, the imaging device 11124 includes at least one imagesensor and one or more optical components. Suitable image sensorsinclude, but are not limited to, Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) sensors andComplementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) sensors.

The optical components of the imaging device 11124 may include one ormore illumination sources and/or one or more lenses. The one or moreillumination sources may be directed to illuminate portions of thesurgical field. The one or more image sensors may receive lightreflected or refracted from the surgical field, including lightreflected or refracted from tissue and/or surgical instruments.

The one or more illumination sources may be configured to radiateelectromagnetic energy in the visible spectrum as well as the invisiblespectrum. The visible spectrum, sometimes referred to as the opticalspectrum or luminous spectrum, is that portion of the electromagneticspectrum that is visible to (i.e., can be detected by) the human eye andmay be referred to as visible light or simply light. A typical human eyewill respond to wavelengths in the air that are from about 380 nm toabout 750 nm.

The invisible spectrum (i.e., the non-luminous spectrum) is that portionof the electromagnetic spectrum that lies below and above the visiblespectrum (i.e., wavelengths below about 380 nm and above about 750 nm).The invisible spectrum is not detectable by the human eye. Wavelengthsgreater than about 750 nm are longer than the red visible spectrum, andthey become invisible infrared (IR), microwave, and radioelectromagnetic radiation. Wavelengths less than about 380 nm areshorter than the violet spectrum, and they become invisible ultraviolet,x-ray, and gamma ray electromagnetic radiation.

In various aspects, the imaging device 11124 is configured for use in aminimally invasive procedure. Examples of imaging devices suitable foruse with the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, anarthroscope, angioscope, bronchoscope, choledochoscope, colonoscope,cytoscope, duodenoscope, enteroscope, esophagogastro-duodenoscope(gastroscope), endoscope, laryngoscope, nasopharyngo-neproscope,sigmoidoscope, thoracoscope, and ureteroscope.

In one aspect, the imaging device employs multi-spectrum monitoring todiscriminate topography and underlying structures. A multi-spectralimage is one that captures image data within specific wavelength rangesacross the electromagnetic spectrum. The wavelengths may be separated byfilters or by the use of instruments that are sensitive to particularwavelengths, including light from frequencies beyond the visible lightrange, e.g., IR and ultraviolet. Spectral imaging can allow extractionof additional information the human eye fails to capture with itsreceptors for red, green, and blue. The use of multi-spectral imaging isdescribed in greater detail under the heading “Advanced ImagingAcquisition Module” in U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No.62/611,341, titled INTERACTIVE SURGICAL PLATFORM, filed Dec. 28, 2017,the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference in itsentirety. Multi-spectrum monitoring can be a useful tool in relocating asurgical field after a surgical task is completed to perform one or moreof the previously described tests on the treated tissue.

It is axiomatic that strict sterilization of the operating room andsurgical equipment is required during any surgery. The strict hygieneand sterilization conditions required in a “surgical theater,” i.e., anoperating or treatment room, necessitate the highest possible sterilityof all medical devices and equipment. Part of that sterilization processis the need to sterilize anything that comes in contact with the patientor penetrates the sterile field, including the imaging device 11124 andits attachments and components. It will be appreciated that the sterilefield may be considered a specified area, such as within a tray or on asterile towel, that is considered free of microorganisms, or the sterilefield may be considered an area, immediately around a patient, that hasbeen prepared for a surgical procedure. The sterile field may includethe scrubbed team members, who are properly attired, and all furnitureand fixtures in the area.

In various aspects, the visualization system 11108 includes one or moreimaging sensors, one or more image-processing units, one or more storagearrays, and one or more displays that are strategically arranged withrespect to the sterile field, as illustrated in FIG. 50 . In one aspect,the visualization system 11108 includes an interface for HL7, PACS, andEMR. Various components of the visualization system 11108 are describedunder the heading “Advanced Imaging Acquisition Module” in U.S.Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/611,341, titled INTERACTIVESURGICAL PLATFORM, filed Dec. 28, 2017, the disclosure of which isherein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

As illustrated in FIG. 50 , a primary display 11119 is positioned in thesterile field to be visible to an operator at the operating table 11114.In addition, a visualization tower 11111 is positioned outside thesterile field. The visualization tower 11111 includes a firstnon-sterile display 11107 and a second non-sterile display 11109, whichface away from each other. The visualization system 11108, guided by thehub 11106, is configured to utilize the displays 11107, 11109, and 11119to coordinate information flow to operators inside and outside thesterile field. For example, the hub 11106 may cause the visualizationsystem 11108 to display a snapshot of a surgical site, as recorded by animaging device 11124, on a non-sterile display 11107 or 11109, whilemaintaining a live feed of the surgical site on the primary display11119. The snapshot on the non-sterile display 11107 or 11109 can permita non-sterile operator to perform a diagnostic step relevant to thesurgical procedure, for example.

In one aspect, the hub 11106 is also configured to route a diagnosticinput or feedback entered by a non-sterile operator at the visualizationtower 11111 to the primary display 11119 within the sterile field, whereit can be viewed by a sterile operator at the operating table. In oneexample, the input can be in the form of a modification to the snapshotdisplayed on the non-sterile display 11107 or 11109, which can be routedto the primary display 11119 by the hub 11106.

Referring to FIG. 50 , a surgical instrument 11112 is being used in thesurgical procedure as part of the surgical system 11102. The hub 11106is also configured to coordinate information flow to a display of thesurgical instrument 11112. For example, coordinate information flow isfurther described in U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No.62/611,341, titled INTERACTIVE SURGICAL PLATFORM, filed Dec. 28, 2017,the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference in itsentirety. A diagnostic input or feedback entered by a non-sterileoperator at the visualization tower 11111 can be routed by the hub 11106to the surgical instrument display 11237 (FIG. 53 ) within the sterilefield, where it can be viewed by the operator of the surgical instrument11112. Example surgical instruments that are suitable for use with thesurgical system 11102 are described under the heading “SurgicalInstrument Hardware” in U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No.62/611,341, titled INTERACTIVE SURGICAL PLATFORM, filed Dec. 28, 2017,the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference in itsentirety, for example.

Referring now to FIG. 51 , a hub 11106 is depicted in communication witha visualization system 11108, a robotic system 11110, and a handheldintelligent surgical instrument 11112. The hub 11106 includes a hubdisplay 11135, an imaging module 11138, a generator module 11140 (whichcan include a monopolar generator 11142, a bipolar generator 11144,and/or an ultrasonic generator 11143), a communication module 11130, aprocessor module 11132, and a storage array 11134. In certain aspects,as illustrated in FIG. 51 , the hub 11106 further includes a smokeevacuation module 11126, a suction/irrigation module 11128, and/or anoperating room mapping module 11133.

During a surgical procedure, energy application to tissue, for sealingand/or cutting, is generally associated with smoke evacuation, suctionof excess fluid, and/or irrigation of the tissue. Fluid, power, and/ordata lines from different sources are often entangled during thesurgical procedure. Valuable time can be lost addressing this issueduring a surgical procedure. Detangling the lines may necessitatedisconnecting the lines from their respective modules, which may requireresetting the modules. The hub modular enclosure 11136 offers a unifiedenvironment for managing the power, data, and fluid lines, which reducesthe frequency of entanglement between such lines.

Aspects of the present disclosure present a surgical hub for use in asurgical procedure that involves energy application to tissue at asurgical site. The surgical hub includes a hub enclosure and a combogenerator module slidably receivable in a docking station of the hubenclosure. The docking station includes data and power contacts. Thecombo generator module includes two or more of an ultrasonic energygenerator component, a bipolar RF energy generator component, and amonopolar RF energy generator component that are housed in a singleunit. In one aspect, the combo generator module also includes a smokeevacuation component, at least one energy delivery cable for connectingthe combo generator module to a surgical instrument, at least one smokeevacuation component configured to evacuate smoke, fluid, and/orparticulates generated by the application of therapeutic energy to thetissue, and a fluid line extending from the remote surgical site to thesmoke evacuation component.

In one aspect, the fluid line is a first fluid line and a second fluidline extends from the remote surgical site to a suction and irrigationmodule slidably received in the hub enclosure. In one aspect, the hubenclosure comprises a fluid interface.

Certain surgical procedures may require the application of more than oneenergy type to the tissue. One energy type may be more beneficial forcutting the tissue, while another different energy type may be morebeneficial for sealing the tissue. For example, a bipolar generator canbe used to seal the tissue while an ultrasonic generator can be used tocut the sealed tissue. Aspects of the present disclosure present asolution where a hub modular enclosure 11136 is configured toaccommodate different generators and facilitate an interactivecommunication therebetween. One of the advantages of the hub modularenclosure 11136 is enabling the quick removal and/or replacement ofvarious modules.

Aspects of the present disclosure present a modular surgical enclosurefor use in a surgical procedure that involves energy application totissue. The modular surgical enclosure includes a first energy-generatormodule, configured to generate a first energy for application to thetissue, and a first docking station comprising a first docking port thatincludes first data and power contacts, wherein the firstenergy-generator module is slidably movable into an electricalengagement with the power and data contacts and wherein the firstenergy-generator module is slidably movable out of the electricalengagement with the first power and data contacts,

Further to the above, the modular surgical enclosure also includes asecond energy-generator module configured to generate a second energy,different than the first energy, for application to the tissue, and asecond docking station comprising a second docking port that includessecond data and power contacts, wherein the second energy-generatormodule is slidably movable into an electrical engagement with the powerand data contacts, and wherein the second energy-generator module isslidably movable out of the electrical engagement with the second powerand data contacts.

In addition, the modular surgical enclosure also includes acommunication bus between the first docking port and the second dockingport, configured to facilitate communication between the firstenergy-generator module and the second energy-generator module.

FIG. 52 illustrates a surgical data network 11201 comprising a modularcommunication hub 11203 configured to connect modular devices located inone or more operating theaters of a healthcare facility, or any room ina healthcare facility specially equipped for surgical operations, to acloud-based system (e.g., the cloud 11204 that may include a remoteserver 11213 coupled to a storage device 11205, as shown in FIG. 53 ).In one aspect, the modular communication hub 11203 comprises a networkhub 11207 and/or a network switch 11209 in communication with a networkrouter. The modular communication hub 11203 also can be coupled to alocal computer system 11210 to provide local computer processing anddata manipulation. The surgical data network 11201 may be configured aspassive, intelligent, or switching. A passive surgical data networkserves as a conduit for the data, enabling it to go from one device (orsegment) to another and to the cloud computing resources. An intelligentsurgical data network includes additional features to enable the trafficpassing through the surgical data network to be monitored and toconfigure each port in the network hub 11207 or network switch 11209. Anintelligent surgical data network may be referred to as a manageable hubor switch. A switching hub reads the destination address of each packetand then forwards the packet to the correct port.

Modular devices 1 a-1 n located in the operating theater may be coupledto the modular communication hub 11203. The network hub 11207 and/or thenetwork switch 11209 may be coupled to a network router 11211 to connectthe devices 1 a-1 n to the cloud 11204 or the local computer system11210. Data associated with the devices 1 a-1 n may be transferred tocloud-based computers via the router for remote data processing andmanipulation. Data associated with the devices 1 a-1 n may also betransferred to the local computer system 11210 for local data processingand manipulation. Modular devices 2 a-2 m located in the same operatingtheater also may be coupled to a network switch 11209. The networkswitch 11209 may be coupled to the network hub 11207 and/or the networkrouter 11211 to connect to the devices 2 a-2 m to the cloud 11204. Dataassociated with the devices 2 a-2 n may be transferred to the cloud11204 via the network router 11211 for data processing and manipulation.Data associated with the devices 2 a-2 m may also be transferred to thelocal computer system 11210 for local data processing and manipulation.

It will be appreciated that the surgical data network 11201 may beexpanded by interconnecting multiple network hubs 11207 and/or multiplenetwork switches 11209 with multiple network routers 11211. The modularcommunication hub 11203 may be contained in a modular control towerconfigured to receive multiple devices 1 a-1 n/2 a-2 m. The localcomputer system 11210 also may be contained in a modular control tower.The modular communication hub 11203 is connected to a display 11212 todisplay images obtained by some of the devices 1 a-1 n/2 a-2 m, forexample, during surgical procedures. In various aspects, the devices 1a-1 n/2 a-2 m may include, for example, various modules, such as animaging module 11138 coupled to an endoscope, a generator module 11140coupled to an energy-based surgical device, a smoke evacuation module11126, a suction/irrigation module 11128, a communication module 11130,a processor module 11132, a storage array 11134, a surgical devicecoupled to a display, and/or a non-contact sensor module, among othermodular devices that may be connected to the modular communication hub11203 of the surgical data network 11201.

In one aspect, the surgical data network 11201 may comprise acombination of network hub(s), network switch(es), and network router(s)connecting the devices 1 a-1 n/2 a-2 m to the cloud. Any one of or allof the devices 1 a-1 n/2 a-2 m coupled to the network hub or networkswitch may collect data in real time and transfer the data to cloudcomputers for data processing and manipulation. It will be appreciatedthat cloud computing relies on sharing computing resources rather thanhaving local servers or personal devices to handle softwareapplications. The word “cloud” may be used as a metaphor for “theInternet,” although the term is not limited as such. Accordingly, theterm “cloud computing” may be used herein to refer to “a type ofInternet-based computing,” where different services—such as servers,storage, and applications—are delivered to the modular communication hub11203 and/or computer system 11210 located in the surgical theater(e.g., a fixed, mobile, temporary, or field operating room or space) andto devices connected to the modular communication hub 11203 and/orcomputer system 11210 through the Internet. The cloud infrastructure maybe maintained by a cloud service provider. In this context, the cloudservice provider may be the entity that coordinates the usage andcontrol of the devices 1 a-1 n/2 a-2 m located in one or more operatingtheaters. The cloud computing services can perform a large number ofcalculations based on the data gathered by smart surgical instruments,robots, and other computerized devices located in the operating theater.The hub hardware enables multiple devices or connections to be connectedto a computer that communicates with the cloud computing resources andstorage.

Applying cloud computer data processing techniques on the data collectedby the devices 1 a-1 n/2 a-2 m, the surgical data network providesimproved surgical outcomes, reduced costs, and improved patientsatisfaction. At least some of the devices 1 a-1 n/2 a-2 m may beemployed to view tissue states to assess leaks or perfusion of sealedtissue after a tissue sealing and cutting procedure. At least some ofthe devices 1 a-1 n/2 a-2 m may be employed to identify pathology, suchas the effects of diseases, using the cloud-based computing to examinedata, including images of samples of body tissue for diagnosticpurposes. This includes localization and margin confirmation of tissueand phenotypes. At least some of the devices 1 a-1 n/2 a-2 m may beemployed to identify anatomical structures of the body using a varietyof sensors integrated with imaging devices and techniques, such asoverlaying images captured by multiple imaging devices. The datagathered by the devices 1 a-1 n/2 a-2 m, including image data, may betransferred to the cloud 11204 or the local computer system 11210 orboth for data processing and manipulation, including image processingand manipulation. The data may be analyzed to improve surgical procedureoutcomes by determining if further treatment, such as the application ofendoscopic intervention, emerging technologies, a targeted radiation,targeted intervention, and precise robotics to tissue-specific sites andconditions, may be pursued. Such data analysis may further employoutcome analytics processing, and using standardized approaches mayprovide beneficial feedback to either confirm surgical treatments andthe behavior of the surgeon or suggest modifications to surgicaltreatments and the behavior of the surgeon.

In one implementation, the operating theater devices 1 a-1 n may beconnected to the modular communication hub 11203 over a wired channel ora wireless channel depending on the configuration of the devices 1 a-1 nto a network hub. The network hub 11207 may be implemented, in oneaspect, as a local network broadcast device that works on the physicallayer of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) model. The network hubprovides connectivity to the devices 1 a-1 n located in the sameoperating theater network. The network hub 11207 collects data in theform of packets and sends them to the router in half-duplex mode. Thenetwork hub 11207 does not store any media access control/InternetProtocol (MAC/IP) to transfer the device data. Only one of the devices 1a-1 n can send data at a time through the network hub 11207. The networkhub 11207 has no routing tables or intelligence regarding where to sendinformation and broadcasts all network data across each connection andto a remote server 11213 (FIG. 53 ) over the cloud 11204. The networkhub 11207 can detect basic network errors, such as collisions, buthaving all information broadcast to multiple ports can be a securityrisk and cause bottlenecks.

In another implementation, the operating theater devices 2 a-2 m may beconnected to a network switch 11209 over a wired channel or a wirelesschannel. The network switch 11209 works in the data link layer of theOSI model. The network switch 11209 is a multicast device for connectingthe devices 2 a-2 m located in the same operating theater to thenetwork. The network switch 11209 sends data in the form of frames tothe network router 11211 and works in full duplex mode. Multiple devices2 a-2 m can send data at the same time through the network switch 11209.The network switch 11209 stores and uses MAC addresses of the devices 2a-2 m to transfer data.

The network hub 11207 and/or the network switch 11209 are coupled to thenetwork router 11211 for connection to the cloud 11204. The networkrouter 11211 works in the network layer of the OSI model. The networkrouter 11211 creates a route for transmitting data packets received fromthe network hub 11207 and/or network switch 11209 to cloud-basedcomputer resources for further processing and manipulation of the datacollected by any one of or all the devices 1 a-1 n/2 a-2 m. The networkrouter 11211 may be employed to connect two or more different networkslocated in different locations, such as, for example, differentoperating theaters of the same healthcare facility or different networkslocated in different operating theaters of different healthcarefacilities. The network router 11211 sends data in the form of packetsto the cloud 11204 and works in full duplex mode. Multiple devices cansend data at the same time. The network router 11211 uses IP addressesto transfer data.

In one example, the network hub 11207 may be implemented as a USB hub,which allows multiple USB devices to be connected to a host computer.The USB hub may expand a single USB port into several tiers so thatthere are more ports available to connect devices to the host systemcomputer. The network hub 11207 may include wired or wirelesscapabilities to receive information over a wired channel or a wirelesschannel. In one aspect, a wireless USB short-range, high-bandwidthwireless radio communication protocol may be employed for communicationbetween the devices 1 a-1 n and devices 2 a-2 m located in the operatingtheater.

In other examples, the operating theater devices 1 a-1 n/2 a-2 m maycommunicate to the modular communication hub 11203 via Bluetoothwireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances(using short-wavelength UHF radio waves in the ISM band from 2.4 to2.485 GHz) from fixed and mobile devices and building personal areanetworks (PANs). In other aspects, the operating theater devices 1 a-1n/2 a-2 m may communicate to the modular communication hub 11203 via anumber of wireless or wired communication standards or protocols,including, but not limited to, Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11 family), WiMAX (IEEE802.16 family), IEEE 802.20, long-term evolution (LTE), Ev-DO, HSPA+,HSDPA+, HSUPA+, EDGE, GSM, GPRS, CDMA, TDMA, DECT, and Ethernetderivatives thereof, as well as any other wireless and wired protocolsthat are designated as 3G, 4G, 5G, and beyond. The computing module mayinclude a plurality of communication modules. For instance, a firstcommunication module may be dedicated to shorter-range wirelesscommunications such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, and a second communicationmodule may be dedicated to longer-range wireless communications such asGPS, EDGE, GPRS, CDMA, WiMAX, LTE, Ev-DO, and others.

The modular communication hub 11203 may serve as a central connectionfor one or all of the operating theater devices 1 a-1 n/2 a-2 m andhandles a data type known as frames. Frames carry the data generated bythe devices 1 a-1 n/2 a-2 m. When a frame is received by the modularcommunication hub 11203, it is amplified and transmitted to the networkrouter 11211, which transfers the data to the cloud computing resourcesby using a number of wireless or wired communication standards orprotocols, as described herein.

The modular communication hub 11203 can be used as a standalone deviceor be connected to compatible network hubs and network switches to forma larger network. The modular communication hub 11203 is generally easyto install, configure, and maintain, making it a good option fornetworking the operating theater devices 1 a-1 n/2 a-2 m.

FIG. 53 illustrates a computer-implemented interactive surgical system11200. The computer-implemented interactive surgical system 11200 issimilar in many respects to the computer-implemented interactivesurgical system 11100. For example, the computer-implemented interactivesurgical system 11200 includes one or more surgical systems 11202, whichare similar in many respects to the surgical systems 11102. Eachsurgical system 11202 includes at least one surgical hub 11206 incommunication with a cloud 11204 that may include a remote server 11213.In one aspect, the computer-implemented interactive surgical system11200 comprises a modular control tower 11236 connected to multipleoperating theater devices such as, for example, intelligent surgicalinstruments, robots, and other computerized devices located in theoperating theater. As shown in FIG. 54 , the modular control tower 11236comprises a modular communication hub 11203 coupled to a computer system11210. As illustrated in the example of FIG. 53 , the modular controltower 11236 is coupled to an imaging module 11238 that is coupled to anendoscope 11239, a generator module 11240 that is coupled to an energydevice 11241, a smoke evacuator module 11226, a suction/irrigationmodule 11228, a communication module 11230, a processor module 11232, astorage array 11234, a smart device/instrument 11235 optionally coupledto a display 11237, and a non-contact sensor module 11242. The operatingtheater devices are coupled to cloud computing resources and datastorage via the modular control tower 11236. A robot hub 11222 also maybe connected to the modular control tower 11236 and to the cloudcomputing resources. The devices/instruments 11235 and visualizationsystems 11208, among others, may be coupled to the modular control tower11236 via wired or wireless communication standards or protocols, asdescribed herein. The modular control tower 11236 may be coupled to ahub display 11215 (e.g., monitor, screen) to display and overlay imagesreceived from the imaging module, device/instrument display, and/orother visualization systems 11208. The hub display also may display datareceived from devices connected to the modular control tower inconjunction with images and overlaid images.

FIG. 54 illustrates a surgical hub 11206 comprising a plurality ofmodules coupled to the modular control tower 11236. The modular controltower 11236 comprises a modular communication hub 11203, e.g., a networkconnectivity device, and a computer system 11210 to provide localprocessing, visualization, and imaging, for example. As shown in FIG. 54, the modular communication hub 11203 may be connected in a tieredconfiguration to expand the number of modules (e.g., devices) that maybe connected to the modular communication hub 11203 and transfer dataassociated with the modules to the computer system 11210, cloudcomputing resources, or both. As shown in FIG. 54 , each of the networkhubs/switches in the modular communication hub 11203 includes threedownstream ports and one upstream port. The upstream network hub/switchis connected to a processor to provide a communication connection to thecloud computing resources and a local display 11217. Communication tothe cloud 11204 may be made either through a wired or a wirelesscommunication channel.

The surgical hub 11206 employs a non-contact sensor module 11242 tomeasure the dimensions of the operating theater and generate a map ofthe surgical theater using either ultrasonic or laser-type non-contactmeasurement devices. An ultrasound-based non-contact sensor module scansthe operating theater by transmitting a burst of ultrasound andreceiving the echo when it bounces off the perimeter walls of anoperating theater as described under the heading “Surgical Hub SpatialAwareness Within an Operating Room” in U.S. Provisional PatentApplication Ser. No. 62/611,341, titled INTERACTIVE SURGICAL PLATFORM,filed Dec. 28, 2017, which is herein incorporated by reference in itsentirety, in which the sensor module is configured to determine the sizeof the operating theater and to adjust Bluetooth-pairing distancelimits. A laser-based non-contact sensor module scans the operatingtheater by transmitting laser light pulses, receiving laser light pulsesthat bounce off the perimeter walls of the operating theater, andcomparing the phase of the transmitted pulse to the received pulse todetermine the size of the operating theater and to adjust Bluetoothpairing distance limits, for example.

The computer system 11210 comprises a processor 11244 and a networkinterface 11245. The processor 11244 is coupled to a communicationmodule 11247, storage 11248, memory 11249, non-volatile memory 11250,and input/output interface 11251 via a system bus. The system bus can beany of several types of bus structure(s), including the memory bus ormemory controller, a peripheral bus or external bus, and/or a local bususing any variety of available bus architectures including, but notlimited to, 9-bit bus, Industrial Standard Architecture (ISA),Micro-Charmel Architecture (MSA), Extended ISA (EISA), Intelligent DriveElectronics (IDE), VESA Local Bus (VLB), Peripheral ComponentInterconnect (PCI), USB, Advanced Graphics Port (AGP), Personal ComputerMemory Card International Association bus (PCMCIA), Small ComputerSystems Interface (SCSI), or any other proprietary bus.

The processor 11244 may be any single-core or multicore processor suchas those known under the trade name ARM Cortex by Texas Instruments. Inone aspect, the processor may be an LM4F230H5QR ARM Cortex-M4F ProcessorCore, available from Texas Instruments, for example, comprising anon-chip memory of 256 KB single-cycle flash memory, or othernon-volatile memory, up to 40 MHz, a prefetch buffer to improveperformance above 40 MHz, a 32 KB single-cycle serial random-accessmemory (SRAM), an internal read-only memory (ROM) loaded withStellarisWare® software, a 2 KB electrically erasable programmableread-only memory (EEPROM), and/or one or more pulse width modulation(PWM) modules, one or more quadrature encoder inputs (QEI) analogs, oneor more 12-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) with 12 analog inputchannels, details of which are available for the product datasheet.

In one aspect, the processor 11244 may comprise a safety controllercomprising two controller-based families such as TMS570 and RM4x, knownunder the trade name Hercules ARM Cortex R4, also by Texas Instruments.The safety controller may be configured specifically for IEC 61508 andISO 26262 safety critical applications, among others, to provideadvanced integrated safety features while delivering scalableperformance, connectivity, and memory options.

The system memory includes volatile memory and non-volatile memory. Thebasic input/output system (BIOS), containing the basic routines totransfer information between elements within the computer system, suchas during start-up, is stored in non-volatile memory. For example, thenon-volatile memory can include ROM, programmable ROM (PROM),electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), EEPROM, or flash memory. Volatilememory includes random-access memory (RAM), which acts as external cachememory. Moreover, RAM is available in many forms such as SRAM, dynamicRAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and directRambus RAM (DRRAM).

The computer system 11210 also includes removable/non-removable,volatile/non-volatile computer storage media, such as for example diskstorage. The disk storage includes, but is not limited to, devices likea magnetic disk drive, floppy disk drive, tape drive, Jaz drive, Zipdrive, LS-60 drive, flash memory card, or memory stick. In addition, thedisk storage can include storage media separately or in combination withother storage media including, but not limited to, an optical disc drivesuch as a compact disc ROM device (CD-ROM), compact disc recordabledrive (CD-R Drive), compact disc rewritable drive (CD-RW Drive), or adigital versatile disc ROM drive (DVD-ROM). To facilitate the connectionof the disk storage devices to the system bus, a removable ornon-removable interface may be employed.

It is to be appreciated that the computer system 11210 includes softwarethat acts as an intermediary between users and the basic computerresources described in a suitable operating environment. Such softwareincludes an operating system. The operating system, which can be storedon the disk storage, acts to control and allocate resources of thecomputer system. System applications take advantage of the management ofresources by the operating system through program modules and programdata stored either in the system memory or on the disk storage. It is tobe appreciated that various components described herein can beimplemented with various operating systems or combinations of operatingsystems.

A user enters commands or information into the computer system 11210through input device(s) coupled to the I/O interface 11251. The inputdevices include, but are not limited to, a pointing device such as amouse, trackball, stylus, touch pad, keyboard, microphone, joystick,game pad, satellite dish, scanner, TV tuner card, digital camera,digital video camera, Web camera, and the like. These and other inputdevices connect to the processor through the system bus via interfaceport(s). The interface port(s) include, for example, a serial port, aparallel port, a game port, and a USB. The output device(s) use some ofthe same types of ports as input device(s). Thus, for example, a USBport may be used to provide input to the computer system and to outputinformation from the computer system to an output device. An outputadapter is provided to illustrate that there are some output deviceslike monitors, displays, speakers, and printers, among other outputdevices that require special adapters. The output adapters include, byway of illustration and not limitation, video and sound cards thatprovide a means of connection between the output device and the systembus. It should be noted that other devices and/or systems of devices,such as remote computer(s), provide both input and output capabilities.

The computer system 11210 can operate in a networked environment usinglogical connections to one or more remote computers, such as cloudcomputer(s), or local computers. The remote cloud computer(s) can be apersonal computer, server, router, network PC, workstation,microprocessor-based appliance, peer device, or other common networknode, and the like, and typically includes many or all of the elementsdescribed relative to the computer system. For purposes of brevity, onlya memory storage device is illustrated with the remote computer(s). Theremote computer(s) is logically connected to the computer system througha network interface and then physically connected via a communicationconnection. The network interface encompasses communication networkssuch as local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs). LANtechnologies include Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), CopperDistributed Data Interface (CDDI), Ethernet/IEEE 802.3, Token Ring/IEEE802.5, and the like. WAN technologies include, but are not limited to,point-to-point links, circuit-switching networks like IntegratedServices Digital Networks (ISDN) and variations thereon,packet-switching networks, and Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL).

In various aspects, the computer system 11210 of FIG. 54 , the imagingmodule 11238 and/or visualization system 11208, and/or the processormodule 11232 of FIGS. 53-54 , may comprise an image processor,image-processing engine, media processor, or any specialized digitalsignal processor (DSP) used for the processing of digital images. Theimage processor may employ parallel computing with single instruction;multiple data (SIMD); or multiple instruction, multiple data (MIMD)technologies to increase speed and efficiency. The digitalimage-processing engine can perform a range of tasks. The imageprocessor may be a system on a chip with multicore processorarchitecture.

The communication connection(s) refers to the hardware/software employedto connect the network interface to the bus. While the communicationconnection is shown for illustrative clarity inside the computer system,it can also be external to the computer system 11210. Thehardware/software necessary for connection to the network interfaceincludes, for illustrative purposes only, internal and externaltechnologies such as modems, including regular telephone-grade modems,cable modems, DSL modems, ISDN adapters, and Ethernet cards.

RFID Detection Assemblies

In various aspects, the RFID systems of the present disclosure can bedisposed on or otherwise associated with surgical instruments 11112(FIGS. 49-51 ), components of surgical instruments 11112, consumablesuseable in conjunction with surgical instruments 11112, and/or othersystems or devices associated with a surgical system 11100 (FIGS. 49-51), such as a visualization system 11108 (FIGS. 49-51 ), a robotic system11110 (FIGS. 49-51 ), a hub 11106 (FIGS. 49-51 ), or components thereof.Further, the RFID tags described in greater detail below, can beutilized to store a datum or data identifying the device or component ofthe surgical system 11100 that the RFID tag is associated with. Inaddition, corresponding RFID scanners can be configured to read the RFIDtags as the components of the surgical system 11100 are utilized inorder to identify the components, devices, and/or systems that are inuse in the operating theater and then control a surgical instrument11112, hub 11106, visualization system 11108, or another component,device, and/or system accordingly.

In various examples, an RFID scanner can be positioned within or on asurgical instrument 11112 such that the RFID scanner can read RFID tagsof components (e.g., batteries, shafts, or cartridges) as the surgicalinstrument 11112 is assembled. As another example, an RFID scanner couldbe associated with a surgical instrument 11112 such that the RFIDscanner can read RFID tags associated with a hub 11106, visualizationsystem 11108, and/or a robotic system 11110 as the surgical instrument11112 is brought into proximity of or interacts with those systems.These and other RFID detection assemblies are described in greaterdetail below.

Further, various control systems for controlling the RFID systems, thesurgical instruments associated therewith, and/or other devices orcomponents of a surgical system 11100, are described herein. Example ofsuch control systems include a control system 1211 (FIG. 55 ), a controlsystem 8111 (FIG. 55A), and a processor module 11232 of a surgical hub11206 (FIGS. 53 and 54 ). Such control systems can be directlyintegrated into the component or device that they are controlling. Forexample, the control system 1211 illustrated in FIG. 55 can control thesurgical instrument 1100 (FIG. 56-58 ) into which it is integrated. Inanother example, the control system 8111 illustrated in FIG. 55A cancontrol the surgical instrument 8002 (FIG. 59 ) into which it isintegrated. Alternatively, such control systems can be communicablycoupled to the component or device that they are controlling. Forexample, the processor module 11232 can be configured to controlsurgical instruments 11112 and/or other components or devices of asurgical system 11100 that are paired with or communicably coupled tothe surgical hub 11206, as is described above. These control systems caninclude or be communicably coupled to RFID scanners for detecting RFIDtags. The control systems can then control the subject devices accordingto the combination or arrangement of detected RFID tags.

Referring to FIGS. 55 and 56-58 , the control system 1211 includes acontrol circuit 1210 that can be integrated with the RFID scanner 1202or can be coupled to, but positioned separately from, the RFID scanner1202, for example. The control circuit 1210 can be configured to receiveinput from the RFID scanner 1202 indicative of the information about astaple cartridge 1320 stored in the RFID tag 1203 and/or informationabout the anvil 1200 stored in the RFID tag 1201.

In various examples, the RFID tag 1203 stores identification informationof the staple cartridge 1320 and the RFID tag 1201 stores identificationinformation of the anvil 1200. In such examples, the control circuit1210 receives input from the RFID scanner 1202 indicative of theidentification information of the staple cartridge 1320 and verifies theidentity of the staple cartridge 1320 based on the input. Further, thecontrol circuit 1210 receives input from RFID scanner 1202 indicative ofthe identification information of the anvil 1200 and verifies theidentity of the anvil 1200 based on the input.

In at least one example, the control circuit 1210 includes amicrocontroller 1213 that has a processor 1214 and a storage medium suchas, for example, a memory 1212. The memory 1212 stores programinstructions for performing various processes such as, for example,identity verification. The program instructions, when executed by theprocessor 1214, cause the processor 1214 to verify the identity of thestaple cartridge 1320 and the anvil 1200 by comparing the identificationinformation received from the RFID tags 1201, 1203 to identificationinformation stored in the memory 1212 in the form of an identitydatabase or table, for example.

In at least one example, the control circuit 1210 can be configured tocheck compatibility of the anvil 1200 with staple cartridge 1320 of thestapling head assembly 1300 based on input from the RFID scanner 1202.The processor 1214 can, for example, check the identity information ofthe anvil 1200 and the staple cartridge 1320 against a compatibilitydatabase or table stored in memory 1212.

In one aspect, an RFID scanner 1202 can be positioned within orotherwise associated with a surgical instrument to read a correspondingRFID tag 1201 that is configured to indicate the actions or operationsperformed by the surgical instrument. For example, FIGS. 56-58illustrate one such configuration for a surgical instrument 1100 in theform of a circular stapler. A distinct issue with circular staplers isthat their anvils are detachable from their stapling head assemblies,and must be separately introduced to a surgical site in differentmanners and from different access points. Accordingly, unlike otherstapling instruments, circular staplers are at risk from anvil-staplehead assembly mismatching and/or anvil-staple cartridge mismatching.Further, to be properly assembled or coupled an anvil and a staplinghead assembly must be properly oriented with respect to each other at aspecific orientation at the surgical site. Improper orientation of ananvil and a corresponding stapling head assembly, as illustrated in FIG.57 , can lead to a misalignment between the staple forming pockets 414(FIG. 56 ) of the anvil and staple openings 324 (FIG. 56 ) of a staplecartridge 1320, which may lead to improper staple formation. Inaddition, the improper orientation of an anvil and a correspondingstapling head assembly can lead to improper seating of the anvil withrespect to the stapling head assembly. An improperly seated, orpartially seated, anvil may become unseated, or separated from thestapling head assembly, due to externally applied loads from the tissuecaptured between the anvil and the stapling head assembly duringclosure.

To address the issues above, the surgical instrument 1100 includes ananvil 1200 equipped with a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag1201 recognizable or detectable by an RFID scanner 1202 on a staplinghead assembly 1300 of the surgical instrument. Likewise, the staplecartridge 1320 includes an RFID tag 1203 also recognizable or detectableby the RFID scanner 1202. The RFID tag 1201 stores information about theanvil 1200, and the RFID tag 1203 stores information about the staplecartridge 1320. As described below, the information can be checked andcompared for authentication and/or compatibility.

Referring still to FIGS. 55 and 56-58 , the anvil 1200 includes a head410, staple forming pockets 414, and a shank 1420. In this example, theRFID tag 1201 is supported by the shank 1420, on an outer surfacethereof, near a bore 422 defined by the shank 1420. The anvil 1200 iscoupled or assembled with a stapling head assembly 1300 by advancing theanvil 1200 toward a trocar 330 of the stapling head assembly 1300 suchthat the trocar 330 is received through the bore 422, as illustrated inFIG. 56 . In at least one example, the RFID tag 1201 is positioned onthe shank 1420 at a first longitudinal position that corresponds, orsubstantially corresponds, to a second longitudinal position of a tip ofthe head 334 of the trocar 330 when the anvil 1200 is properly orientedand fully seated with respect to the stapling head assembly 1300. Inother words, the tip of the head 334 of the trocar 330, when it isreceived in the shank 1420 at its final seating position, istransversely aligned, or at least substantially aligned, with the RFIDtag 1201. In at least one example, the RFID tag 1201 is positioned onthe shank 1420 at a position distal to the bore 422 and proximal to thelateral openings 424, which are formed through the sidewall of shank1420, and/or proximal to latch members 430 of the shank 1420.

Referring to FIG. 56 , the RFID scanner 1202 is located on an outersurface of a cylindrical inner core member 1312 that extends distallywithin a tubular casing 1310 of the stapling head assembly 1300. Tubularcasing 1310 is fixedly secured to an outer sheath 210 of the shaftassembly 1206 of the surgical instrument, such that tubular casing 1310serves as a mechanical ground for stapling head assembly 1300. The RFIDscanner 1202 is supported by the inner core member 1312, on an outersurface thereof, near its distal end. In at least one example, a recessor pocket is defined in the inner core member 1312, and the RFID scanner1202 is positioned in the recess or pocket. The RFID scanner 1202 can beheld in place in the recess, or pocket, using any suitable techniquesuch as, for example, friction fitting or biocompatible adhesive.Alternatively, the RFID scanner 1202 can be positioned on an innersurface of the cylindrical inner core member 1312. In the example ofFIG. 56 , the RFID scanner 1202 is located at a distal portion of theinner core member 1312 below the deck member of the staple cartridge1320. In various example, the RFID tag 1201 and the RFID tag 1203 areinsulated from the shank 1420 and the inner core member 1312 using anysuitable insulative material.

In various examples, RFID tag 1201 and the RFID tag 1203 arerecognizable or detectable by the RFID scanner 1202 in a closedconfiguration of the instrument where tissue is captured between theanvil 1200 and stapling head assembly 1300.

Additional details regarding the aspect illustrated in FIGS. 56-58 canbe found in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,109, entitledMECHANISMS FOR PROPER ANVIL ATTACHMENT SURGICAL STAPLING HEAD ASSEMBLY,filed Jun. 30, 2019, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2020/0405312, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in itsentirety.

FIG. 55A illustrates a block diagram of the control system 8111. Many ofthe components of the illustrated control system 8111 coincide withcomponents of the control system 2111 described above with respect toFIG. 55 ; therefore, the descriptions of those components will not berepeated. In this aspect, the control system 8111 includes a set orassembly of multiple RFID scanners 8008 that are positioned orconfigured to read a corresponding set or assembly of RFID tags 8006.The RFID scanners 8008 are communicably coupled to a control circuit1210 such that the control circuit 1210 can receive data from the RFIDscanners 8008 and then take various actions based upon the read data, asare described below. In various aspects, the RFID scanners 8008 can bedisposed on or otherwise associated with the surgical instrument orother surgical system component with which the control system 8111 isassociated. In other aspects, the RFID scanners 8008 can be disposed onor otherwise associated with other surgical system components that arecommunicably couplable to the control system 8111. The RFID tags 8006can be disposed on or associated with any type of surgical systemcomponent, including a surgical instrument 11112 (FIGS. 49-51 ), avisualization system 11108 (FIGS. 49-51 ), a robotic system 11110 (FIGS.49-51 ), or other surgical system components (e.g., sterile drapes, ribspreaders, sponges, or adjuncts) or components thereof. In one aspect,each of the RFID scanners 8008 a-h can be configured to read acorresponding RFID tag 8006 a-h. Finally, it should be noted thatalthough the control system 8111 in FIG. 55A is depicted as includingeight RFID scanners 8008 a-h that are configured to read a correspondingnumber of RFID tags 8006 a-h, this particular number are arrangement ofcomponents is simply for illustrative purposes and should not beconstrued to be limiting in any way. In particular, the control system8111 can include any number of RFID scanners 8008 a-h that areconfigured to read any number of RFID tags 8006 a-h.

In one aspect, as described above under the heading SURGICAL HUBS andillustrated in FIG. 59 , a surgical system 8000 can include a surgicalinstrument 8002 that is communicably couplable to a surgical hub 8001.Surgical instruments 8002 can include multiple different components thatare couplable together to assemble the surgical instrument 8002 and/orconsumable components that are insertable into the surgical instruments8002 for firing or operating the surgical instruments 8002. For example,the illustrated surgical instrument 8002 can include a housing assembly8004 a, a battery 8004 b removably couplable to the housing assembly8004 a, a motor assembly 8004 c removably couplable to the housingassembly 8004 a, a shaft 8004 d removably couplable to the housingassembly 8004 a, a cartridge 8004 e removably insertable into the endeffector of the shaft 8004 d, and other such components.

The surgical system 8000 can further include the control system 8111. Inthe example of FIG. 59 , the control system 8111 includes a set of RFIDs8006 that are positioned on or otherwise associated with the varioussurgical instrument components 8004 a-e. Each of the surgical instrumentcomponents 8004 a-e can include an RFID tag 8006 that is configured totransmit information pertaining to the component with which the RFID tag8006 is associated, such as the component type or component parameters,to a corresponding RFID scanner 8008 associated with the surgicalinstrument 8000 (e.g., the housing assembly 8004 a), the surgical hub8001, or another surgical system device. For example, in the depictedaspect, the housing assembly 8004 a can include first RFID tag 8006 a,the battery 8004 b can include a second RFID tag 8006 b, the motorassembly 8004 c can include a third RFID tag 8006 c, the shaft 8004 dcan include a fourth RFID tag 8006 d, and the cartridge 8004 e caninclude a fifth RFID tag 8006 e. In one aspect, the RFID tags 8006 a-ecan be read by a single RFID scanner disposed on the surgical instrument8002, the surgical hub 8001, or another component of a surgical system8000. Accordingly, a control circuit 1210 of the control system 8111 canbe communicably coupled to a single RFID scanner. In another aspect, theRFID tags 8006 can be read by multiple RFID scanners during the assemblyor operation of the surgical instrument 8002. For example, the RFIDscanners can be positioned on the surgical instrument 8002 such that theRFID tags 8006 a-e are automatically read by a corresponding RFIDscanner 8008 a-e as a natural consequence of the assembly of thesurgical instrument 8002 (an example of which is discussed in greaterdetail below with respect to FIG. 13 ) or the use of the surgicalinstrument 8002 (an example of which is discussed above with respect toFIGS. 56-58 ). Accordingly, the control circuit 1210 of the controlsystem 8111 can be communicable coupled to multiple RFID scanners 8008that are positioned to read one or more corresponding RFID tags 8006.Although the aspects depicted in FIGS. FIGS. 56-59, 61, and 62illustrate particular positions for the RFID tags 8006 and the RFIDscanners 8008, it should be noted that these positions are simply forillustrative purposes and the RFID tags 8006 and/or RFID scanners 8008can be repositioned depending upon the geometry of the particularsurgical system component, have their positions swapped with each other,or be otherwise reconfigured without departing from the overallstructure and function of the described systems.

In addition to the surgical instrument 8002 or components thereof,including RFID tags 8006, other devices within the surgical system 8000can likewise include RFID tags 8006 and/or RFID scanners 8008. Forexample, in the aspect illustrated in FIG. 59 , the surgical hub 8001can include an RFID tag 8006 g that can be configured to be read by oneor more RFID scanners 8008 (FIG. 61 ) associated with the surgicalinstrument 8002. In other aspects, RFID tags 8006 and/or scanners 8008can additionally or alternatively be associated with visualizationsystem 11108 (FIGS. 49-51 ), a robotic system 11110 (FIGS. 49-51 ), orcomponents thereof. Accordingly, a surgical instrument 8002 including anRFID scanner 8008 can detect the various devices or systems beingutilized in the surgical system configuration based on being withindetection range of those devices or systems.

As illustrated in FIG. 61 , a surgical system 8000 can also include auser identifier 8010 that can be worn or controlled by a user, such as asurgeon. The user identifier 8010 can include an RFID tag 8006 h that isconfigured to store a unique identifier associated with the user, whichcan then be utilized by a control system to retrieve particularparameters or settings associated with that user. The user settings canbe manually set by the user at a computer system (e.g., a surgical hub8001 or a local computer system 11210 (FIG. 54 )) or learned by asurgical hub 8001 through situational awareness, which is described inU.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,395, titled METHOD OF HUBCOMMUNICATION, and filed Dec. 4, 2018, which is hereby incorporated byreference in its entirety. Further, the user settings can be stored in adatabase (e.g., storage 11248 (FIG. 54 )) for retrieval by a controlsystem.

In some aspects, RFID tags 8006 and RFID scanners 8008 can be positionedsuch that they are brought into detection range of each other duringassembly of the surgical instrument 8002, or in an assembledconfiguration of the surgical instrument 8002. For example, FIG. 61illustrates an aspect where the surgical instrument 8002 is a circularstapler including an assembly of RFID scanners 8008 that detectcorresponding RFID tags 8006 during assembly of the surgical instrument8002, or in the assembled configuration of the surgical instrument 8002.In particular, the housing assembly 8004 a includes an RFID scanner 8008a positioned adjacent to its coupling portion 8011, which is configuredto engage with a corresponding proximal coupling portion 8012 of theshaft assembly 8004 d. The shaft assembly 8004 d further includes anRFID tag 8006 d that is brought into detection range of the RFID scanner8008 a when the aforementioned components are properly coupled together.In other words, the RFID scanner 8008 a is positioned to read the RFIDtag 8006 d as a natural consequence of the assembly of the surgicalinstrument 8002. Likewise, the shaft assembly 8004 d includes an RFIDscanner 8008 b positioned adjacent to a distal coupling portion 8013,which is configured to engage with a corresponding coupling portion 8014of the end effector assembly 8004 f. The end effector assembly 8004 ffurther includes an RFID tag 8006 f that is brought into detection rangeof the RFID scanner 8006 f when the aforementioned components areproperly coupled together. Therefore, the control system for thesurgical instrument 8002 associated with this aspect can read theinstrument components as they are assembled or coupled together andthereby control the surgical instrument 8002 accordingly based upon thepresence, type, and/or arrangement of components being utilized.

In some aspects, RFID tags 8006 and RFID scanners 8008 can be positionedsuch that they are brought into detection range of each other during useof the surgical instrument 8002. For example, FIGS. 56-58 , which aredescribed in greater detail above, illustrate an aspect where a surgicalinstrument includes a pair of RFID tags 1201, 1203 that are recognizableor detectable by an RFID scanner 1202 when the stapling head assembly1300 is in a closed configuration, i.e., where tissue is capturedbetween the anvil 1200 and stapling head assembly 1300. Therefore, thecontrol system for the surgical instrument associated with this aspectcan read the instrument components as the surgical instrument isutilized or operated (e.g., during a surgical procedure) and therebycontrol the surgical instrument accordingly based upon the state of oractions being performed by the surgical instrument.

The RFID tags 8006 can also be positioned on consumables utilized by thesurgical instrument 8002 during the operation thereof. For example, FIG.62 illustrates an aspect where the surgical instrument 8002 is a clipapplier including an RFID scanner 8008 c positioned adjacently to thejaws 8020 for crimping or applying a surgical clip 8022 at a surgicalsite. The clips 8022 can include RFID tags 8006 i that can be read bythe RFID scanner 8008 c as a consequence of the clip 8022 beingpositioned within the jaws 8020. Therefore, the control system for thesurgical instrument associated with this aspect can read the consumablesas the surgical instrument 8002 is utilized or operated (e.g., during asurgical procedure) and thereby control the surgical instrument 8002accordingly based upon the type or characteristics of the consumablesbeing utilized with the surgical instrument 8002. In various aspects,clips 8022 are fed to the jaws 8020 of the clip applier, and the fedclips 8022 become detectable by the RFID scanner 8008 c as they reachthe jaws 8020.

RFID tags 8006 can be configured to transmit a variety of differentinformation to an associated RFID scanner 8008. Further, the variousRFID tags 8006 described herein can be configured to transmit data ineither an active manner (i.e., actively transmitting data for receipt byan RFID scanner 8008) or a passive manner (i.e., in response to aninterrogation signal transmitted by an RFID scanner 8008). For example,the table 8030 illustrated in FIG. 60 indicates data that can betransmitted by RFID tags 8006 associated with the various components ofthe surgical instrument 8002 shown in FIG. 59 . In particular, the RFIDtag 8006 a associated with the housing assembly 8004 a can store a datumidentifying the device or surgical instrument type; the RFID tag 8006 bassociated with the battery 8004 b can store a datum identifying thebattery type; the RFID tag 8006 c associated with the motor assembly orgearbox 8004 c can store a datum identifying the motor type; the RFIDtag 8006 d associated with the shaft assembly 8004 d can store dataidentifying the shaft type and/or characteristics associated with theshaft (e.g., length or articulation type); and the RFID tag 8006 eassociated with the cartridge 8004 e can store data identifying thecartridge type and/or other cartridge characteristics (e.g., length,color, or gripping surface type). This data can be transmitted by theRFID tags 8006 when read by a corresponding RFID scanner 8008, which inturn can be coupled to a control system for controlling the surgicalinstrument 8002. The various control algorithms that can be affectedbased upon this data can include communication protocols implemented bythe control system.

As another example, the tables 8040, 8050 illustrated in FIGS. 63 and 64indicate data that can be transmitted by RFID tags 8006 associated withconsumables, such as the surgical clips 8022 as shown in FIG. 62 . Inparticular, the RFID tags 8006 i can store a datum identifying the typeof the consumable (e.g., a product name, product code, or serial number)or characteristics of the consumable (e.g., cross-sectional profile,length, surface type, tensile strength, or spring back properties for asurgical clip 8022) with which each RFID tag 8006 i is associated.Further, this data can be transmitted by the RFID tags 8006 i forreceipt by a corresponding RFID scanner 8008 c, which in turn can becoupled to a control circuit 1210 that can utilize the received data forcontrolling the operations or functions of the surgical instrument.

With the surgical system 8000 configurations illustrated in FIGS. 55-59,61, and 62 , control systems for surgical instruments 8002 and othersurgical system components can utilize a variety of different algorithmsor logics for controlling the actions or operations of their subjectdevices by detecting the arrangement and/or type of surgical systemcomponents present within the operating room and/or the identifyingusers present within the operating room through the described RFIDdetection assemblies. In various examples, the control systems andassociated RFID detection assemblies can be utilized to controlcommunication protocols utilized by surgical instruments 8002,information or alerts provided to users, and/or operational settingsimplemented by surgical instruments 8002 to customize their functionsaccording to the particular equipment between utilized and/or userpreferences. In the following descriptions of processes, referenceshould also be made to FIG. 55 . Further, the following processesdescribe, in part, scanning or receiving data from devices forcontrolling a surgical instrument 8002. Such devices can include avariety of different surgical system components, such as surgicalinstrument components (e.g., as shown in FIGS. 59, 61, and 62 ), avisualization system 11108 (FIGS. 49-51 ), a surgical hub 11106 (FIGS.49-51 ), a robotic system 11110 (FIGS. 49-51 ), and so on.

In one aspect, a control system 8111 for a surgical instrument 8002 canbe configured to establish the communication protocol utilized by thesurgical instrument 8002 for communicating with various other surgicalsystem components according to RFIDs scanned thereby. For example, thecontrol system 8111 can execute the process 8100 illustrated in FIG. 65. Accordingly, the control circuit 1210 receives 8102 a first datum froma first RFID tag associated with a first device and receives 8104 asecond datum from a second RFID tag associated with a second device viaone or more RFID scanners such as, for example, RFID scanners 8008 (FIG.55A) to which the control circuit 1210 is coupled. The received data canindicate, for example, the serial number of a device, the device type,and/or characteristics or parameters associated with the device.

Accordingly, the control circuit 1210 determines 8106 a communicationprotocol for communicating with the first device and the second device.The control circuit 1210 can determine 8106 the appropriatecommunication protocol by, for example, querying a lookup table (e.g.,stored in the memory 1212) with the received device data. Thecommunication protocol can define, for example, encryption techniques,packet sizes, transmission speeds, or handshake techniques. Accordingly,the control circuit 1210 causes 8108 the surgical instrument 8002 toutilize the determined communication protocol for communicating with thesurgical system components during the course of the surgical procedure.

In operation, a control system 8111 executing the illustrated process8100 can read the RFID tags associated with the surgical systemcomponents present within the operating room, determine the appropriatecommunication protocol(s) for communicating with the particulararrangement of surgical system components, and then cause the surgicalinstrument 8002 to utilize the determined communication protocol. Afterestablishment of communications between the surgical instrument 8002 andthe corresponding surgical system components, the control circuit 1210can be configured to receive an operational setting for the surgicalinstrument 8002 from at least one of the surgical system components. Forexample, if the surgical instrument 8002 is communicably coupled to asurgical hub 8001, 11106, the surgical instrument 8002 can download anupdated control program setting forth updated operational settings orparameters from the surgical hub 8001, 11106. Alternatively, afterestablishment of communications between the surgical instrument 8002 andthe corresponding surgical system components, the control circuit 1210can be configured to transmit an operational setting for the surgicalsystem component. For example, if the surgical instrument 8002 iscommunicably coupled to a robotic system 11110, the surgical instrument8002 can transmit operational settings to the robotic system 11110indicating how the surgical instrument 8002 should be controlled oractuated by the robotic system 11110 during a surgical procedure.Additionally, or alternatively, the surgical instrument 8002 can, forexample, transmit sensor data to a surgical hub 8001, 11106.

In one aspect, a control system 8111 for a surgical instrument 8002 canbe configured to automatically display information pertinent for thesurgical procedure type. For example, the control system 8111 canexecute the process 8150 illustrated in FIG. 66 . Accordingly, thecontrol circuit 1210 receives 8152 a first datum from a first RFID tagassociated with a first device and receives 8154 a second datum from asecond RFID tag associated with a second device via one or more RFIDscanners such as, for example, RFID scanners 8008 (FIG. 55A) to whichthe control circuit 1210 is coupled. The received data can indicate, forexample, the serial number of the device, the device type, and/orcharacteristics or parameters associated with the device.

Accordingly, the control circuit 1210 determines 8156 the type ofsurgical procedure that is being performed based upon the device data.The control circuit 1210 can make this determination because theparticular combination or arrangement of device types within theoperating room can indicate what type of surgical procedure is beingperformed. Further, the combination of data from multiple devices canindicate details of the surgical procedure that may not be possible toascertain from scanning any individual device. For example, if a roboticsystem 11110 is present within the operating room along with aparticular surgical instrument type (e.g., a circular stapler or avascular stapler), then the surgical procedure corresponding to thesurgical instrument type is likely going to be performed robotically. Asanother example, if an insufflator and a visualization system 11108 ispresented within the operating room, then a laparoscopic procedure islikely going to be performed. In either of these examples, scanning anindividual device would often not provide the full context for theprocedure. The control circuit 1210 can determine 8156 the surgicalprocedure type by, for example, querying a lookup table (e.g., stored inthe memory 1212) with the received device data. Subsequently, thecontrol circuit 1210 causes 8158 a display screen (e.g., the indicator1209 or the hub display 11215 (FIG. 53 )) to display informationrelevant to the surgical procedure type. The displayed information caninclude, for example, steps for performing the surgical procedure, stepsfor assembling the surgical instrument 8002 or other surgical systemcomponents, relevant data or visualization screens for the surgicalinstrument types expected to be utilized in association with theprocedure, and so on.

In one aspect, a control system 8111 for a surgical instrument 8002 canbe configured to automatically display information that is customizedfor the particular user. For example, the control system 8111 canexecute the process 8200 illustrated in FIG. 67 . Accordingly, thecontrol circuit 1210 receives 8202 a first datum from a first RFID tagassociated with a device or surgical instrument and receives 8204 asecond datum from a second RFID tag associated with a user (e.g., from auser identifier 8010 as illustrated in FIG. 61 ) via one or more RFIDscanners such as, for example, RFID scanners 8008 (FIG. 55A) to whichthe control circuit 1210 is coupled. The data received from theinstrument or device can indicate, for example, the serial number of thedevice, the device type, and/or characteristics or parameters associatedwith the device. The data received from the user identifier 8010 canindicate, for example, the identity or title of the user.

Accordingly, the control circuit 1210 determines 8206 a user settingassociated with the surgical instrument. The user settings can include amagnification for a particular scope type, instrument parameterinformation (e.g., temperature, force to fire, or power level), and soon. The control circuit 1210 can determine 8206 the user setting byretrieving the relevant user setting(s) (e.g., from the memory 1212). Asnoted above, the user settings can be manually set by the user at acomputer system or automatically learned by the surgical system throughsituational awareness. Accordingly, the control circuit 1210 causes 8208a display screen to display information pertaining to the surgicalinstrument according to the determined user setting(s).

In one aspect, a control system 8111 for a surgical instrument 8002 canbe configured to determine whether surgical instrument components arecompatible with each other and then take various correct actions. Forexample, the control system 8111 can execute the process 8250illustrated in FIG. 68 . Accordingly, the control circuit 1210 receives8252 a first datum from a first RFID tag associated with a first deviceand receives 8254 a second datum from a second RFID tag associated witha second device via one or more RFID scanners such as, for example, RFIDscanners 8008 (FIG. 55A) to which the control circuit 1210 is coupled.The received data can indicate, for example, the serial number of thedevice, the device type, and/or characteristics or parameters associatedwith the device.

Accordingly, the control circuit 1210 determines 8256 whether the firstdevice and the second device are compatible. The control circuit 1210can determine 8256 whether the devices are compatible by, for example,querying a lookup table (e.g., stored in the memory 1212) setting forthcompatible surgical instrument device types with the received devicedata. The control system 8111 can be manufactured to store lists ofcompatible component types or receive compatible component types from aremote computing system (e.g., the cloud 11204 (FIG. 53 )) to which thecontrol system 8111 is communicably coupled, for example. If thecomponents are determined 8256 to be incompatible with each other, thecontrol circuit 1210 can provide 8258 an alert to the user that thecomponents are incompatible and/or a suggestion of a replacementcompatible component for one of the incompatible components. Forexample, if the user inserts a battery 8004 b into the housing assembly8004 a of the surgical instrument 8002 that is incompatible with themotor assembly 8004 c, the control system 8111 can cause the display(e.g., indicator 1209) to provide 8258 an alert or a suggestion for analternative type of battery 8004 b that is compatible with the motorassembly 8004 c. In one aspect, the control circuit 1210 can further beconfigured to prevent the operation or activation of the surgicalinstrument 8002 in the event that the first and second devices aredetermined to be incompatible with each other.

In various aspects, preventing the operation or activation of a surgicalinstrument 8002 can be achieved using one or more suitable lockoutassemblies such as, for example, a lockout assembly 8170. Variouslockout out assemblies that are suitable for use with the presentdisclosure are described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,143,923, entitled SURGICALSTAPLING INSTRUMENT HAVING A FIRING LOCKOUT FOR AN UNCLOSED ANVIL, whichissued on Dec. 5, 2006; U.S. Pat. No. 7,044,352, SURGICAL STAPLINGINSTRUMENT HAVING A SINGLE LOCKOUT MECHANISM FOR PREVENTION OF FIRING,which issued on May 16, 2006; U.S. Pat. No. 7,000,818, SURGICAL STAPLINGINSTRUMENT HAVING SEPARATE DISTINCT CLOSING AND FIRING SYSTEMS, whichissued on Feb. 21, 2006; U.S. Pat. No. 6,988,649, SURGICAL STAPLINGINSTRUMENT HAVING A SPENT CARTRIDGE LOCKOUT, which issued on Jan. 24,2006; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,978,921, SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTINCORPORATING AN E-BEAM FIRING MECHANISM, which issued on Dec. 27, 2005,which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.

As another example, a surgical instrument 8002 in the form of a surgicalclip applier can have different types of jaw assemblies that areappropriate for different types of surgical clips 8022, such as a first,or thin, jaw assembly 8051 a shown in FIG. 69A and a second, or thick,jaw assembly 8051 b shown in FIG. 69B. FIG. 70 illustrates a graph 8052depicting the relationship between force applied to form or crimp thesurgical clip, represented by the vertical axis 8054, and a displacementstroke causing the force application, represented by the horizontal axis8056, for multiple prophetic firings of a clip applier including acontrol system 8111 executing the process 8250 illustrated in FIG. 68 .A first distance threshold δ₁ represents the maximum stroke distancethat a clip applier having a thin jaw assembly 8051 a is capable ofperforming. Further, a second distance threshold δ₂ represents themaximum stroke distance that a clip applier having a thick jaw assembly8051 b is capable of performing. As further illustrated in the table8050 in FIG. 64 , different types of surgical clips 8022 can havedifferent mechanical properties; therefore, some types of surgical clipsmay not be suitable for use with all types of clip appliers. In thisparticular prophetic example, the first line 8058 represents a firstclip type (e.g., a Ti—CP clip), the second line 8060 represents a secondclip type (e.g., Ti-3Al/2.5V clip), and the third line 8062 represents athird clip type (e.g., a Ti-6Al-4V clip). In this implementation of theprocess 8250, the clip applier can be the first device and the surgicalclip can be the second device. Accordingly, if a control circuit 1210executing the process 8250 determines that the surgical clip read by theRFID scanner 8008 (e.g., when the clip is inserted into the clipapplier) is the first type or the second type, then no alert orsuggestion is provided to the user for either of the clip applier typesshown in FIGS. 69A and 69B because both of these clip types arecompatible with either clip applier type (as indicated by neither of thelines 8058, 8060 violating the respective thresholds δ₁, δ₂). However,if the control circuit 1210 determines that the surgical clip read bythe RFID scanner 8008 is the third type and the clip applier is the thinjaw assembly type 8051 a, then the control circuit 1210 can provide analert and/or a suggestion for a replacement surgical clip because themaximum displacement stroke δ₁ for the thin jaw assembly type 8051 a isnot long enough to properly form the third clip type (as indicated bythe third line 8062 crossing the threshold δ₁).

In one aspect, a control system 8111 for a surgical instrument 8002 canbe configured to automatically establish the operational settings of thesurgical instrument 8002 according to the scanned components. Forexample, the control system 8111 can execute a process 8300 illustratedin FIG. 71 . Accordingly, the control circuit 1210 receives 8302 a firstdatum from a first RFID tag associated with a first device and receives8304 a second datum from a second RFID tag associated with a seconddevice via one or more RFID scanners such as, for example, RFID scanners8008 (FIG. 55A) to which the control circuit 1210 is coupled. Thereceived data can indicate, for example, the serial number of thedevice, the device type, and/or characteristics or parameters associatedwith the device. As one example, the devices can include two or more ofthe components of the surgical instrument 8002 illustrated in FIGS. 59and 12 . As another example, the devices can include two or more of thecomponents of the surgical instrument 8002 illustrated in FIG. 61 .

Accordingly, the control circuit 1210 can determine 8306 the surgicalinstrument type based upon the scanned components. The surgicalinstrument type can include, for example, the general instrument type(e.g., a surgical stapler, an electrosurgical instrument, an ultrasonicsurgical instrument, or combinations thereof) in combination withparticular instrument component parameters (e.g., shaft length,cartridge type, or battery power). In one aspect, the RFID scanner(s)8008 can be positioned such that the RFID tags associated with each ofthe components are naturally read by the RFID scanner(s) 8008 as anatural consequence of the assembly or utilization of the surgicalinstrument 8002, as described above in connection with FIGS. 61 and 62 .Accordingly, the control circuit 1210 can determine 8308 an operationalsetting according to the determined instrument type. The operationalsettings can dictate how the surgical instrument 8002 itself (or acomponent thereof) is controlled or how a third device (e.g., a surgicalgenerator that the surgical instrument 8002 is coupled to) iscontrolled. The table 8030 illustrated in FIG. 60 indicates varioussettings that could be controlled by a control circuit 1210 according tothe determined instrument type. For example, a control circuit 1210executing the process 8300 could control the maximum power of thesurgical instrument 8002 according to the detected battery type and thedetected motor assembly type. As another example, a control circuit 1210executing the process 8300 could control the force to fire a knife in asurgical stapler according to the detected motor assembly type and thedetected cartridge type.

In one aspect, a control system 8111 for a surgical instrument 8002 canbe configured to automatically establish the operational settings of thesurgical instrument 8002 according to consumables that are scanned asthey are assembled with and/or inserted into the surgical instrument8002. For example, the control system 8111 can execute the process 8350illustrated in FIG. 72 . Accordingly, the control circuit 1210 receives8352 a first datum from a first RFID tag associated with a device orsurgical instrument 8002 and receives 8354 a second datum from a secondRFID tag associated with a consumable via one or more RFID scanners suchas, for example, RFID scanners 8008 (FIG. 55A) to which the controlcircuit 1210 is coupled. The received data can indicate, for example,the serial number of the surgical instrument 8002 or consumable, thesurgical instrument 8002 or consumable type, and/or characteristics orparameters associated with the surgical instrument 8002 or consumable.For example, the surgical instrument 8002 can include a clip applier andthe consumable can include a surgical clip 8022, as shown in FIG. 62 .As another example, the surgical instrument 8002 can include a surgicalstapler and the consumable can include staples disposed within acartridge 8004 e, as shown in FIG. 60 .

Accordingly, the control circuit 1210 determines 8356 an operationalsetting according to the consumable type and the surgical instrumenttype. The control circuit 1210 can determine 8356 the operationalsetting by, for example, querying a lookup table (e.g., stored in thememory 1212) setting forth the appropriate operational settings for thesurgical instrument according to the scanned consumable. The controlsystem 8111 can be manufactured to store operational settings forvarious compatible device types or receive operational settings from aremote computing system (e.g., the cloud 11204 (FIG. 53 )) to which thecontrol system 8111 is communicably coupled, for example. Accordingly,the control circuit 1210 can then control 8358 the surgical instrumentaccording to the determined operational setting(s).

Various prophetic implementations of the process 8350 are illustrated inconnection with FIGS. 73 and 74 . For example, FIG. 73 illustrates agraph 8064 depicting the relationship between force applied to thesurgical clip, represented by the vertical axis 8066, and displacementstroke, represented by the horizontal axis 8068, for a clip applierincluding a control system 8111 executing the process 8350 illustratedin FIG. 72 . In this example, the control circuit 1210 can determinethat the surgical instrument is a clip applier and can determine theidentity of the consumables as they are loaded into the clip applier, asdiscussed above in relation to FIG. 62 . In a first firing of the clipapplier, represented by the first line 8070, the control circuit 1210further determines that the consumable is a first type of surgical clip(e.g., a Ti—CP clip). For this type of clip, the controlled operationalparameters include a first force threshold F₁ and a first closure rateV₁. Accordingly, the control circuit 1210 controls the clip applieraccording to the determined operational parameters, i.e., closes thejaws of the clip applier at the first closure rate V₁ and halts closureat or below the first force threshold F₁. In a second firing of the clipappliers, represented by the second line 8072, the control circuit 1210determines that the consumable is a second type of surgical clip (e.g.,a Ti-6Al-4V clip). For this type of clip, the appropriate operationalparameters include a second force threshold F₂ and a second closure rateV₂. Accordingly, the control circuit 1210 controls the clip applieraccording to the determined operational parameters, i.e., closes thejaws of the clip applier at the second closure rate V₂ and halts closureat or below the second force threshold F₂.

As another example, FIG. 74 illustrates a graph 8074 depicting therelationship between longitudinal cam load force, represented by thevertical axis 8076, and displacement stroke, represented by thehorizontal line 8078, for multiple prophetic firings of a clip applierincluding a control system 8111 executing the process 8350 illustratedin FIG. 72 . In a clip applier, a camming assembly can be configured toapply a closing force to the jaws and thereby apply a clip to tissuepositioned within the jaws. Accordingly, the longitudinal cam load forcecan correspond to the amount of force being imparted upon the jaws ofthe clip applier. The displacement stroke can correspond to the distancethat the cam of the camming assembly has been translated. The profile ofthe cam force applied by the surgical clip applier as a function of thedistance by which the cam has been translated is a controllableparameter that can be tailored to different clip applier assemblies(e.g., as shown in FIGS. 69A and 69B) and/or different surgical cliptypes. In various aspects, this controllable parameter can beautomatically selected by a control system 8111 for the surgicalinstrument and/or manually selected by a user. In this example, thecontrol circuit 1210 has received 8352 a first datum from the surgicalinstrument identifying the surgical instrument as a clip applier,received 8454 a second datum identifying the consumable as a particulartype of surgical clip, determined 8456 that the particular surgical cliptype is associated with a particular cam force profile, and thencontrolled 8458 the clip applier according to the determined forceprofiles, as shown by the various lines 8080, 8082, 8084, 8086. Thefirst line 8080 can correspond to the force profile determined 8356 bythe control circuit 1210 for a first clip applier type (e.g., the jawassembly 8051 a illustrated in FIG. 69A) and first surgical clip type(e.g., a Ti-6Al-4V clip). The second line 8082 can correspond to theforce profile determined 8356 by the control circuit 1210 for a firstclip applier type and a second surgical clip type (e.g., a Ti-3AV/2.5Vclip). The third line 8084 can correspond to the force profiledetermined 8356 by the control circuit 1210 for a first clip appliertype and a third surgical clip type (e.g., a Ti—CP clip). The fourthline 8086 can correspond to the force profile determined 8356 by thecontrol circuit 1210 for a second clip applier type (e.g., the jawassembly 8051 b illustrated in FIG. 69B) and a third surgical clip type.

It can be desirable to utilize applied force profiles that are tailoredto the types of clip appliers and surgical clips being utilized becausedifferent types of clip appliers apply forces in different ways anddifferent types of surgical clips have different mechanical properties.Some examples of different mechanical properties are illustrated in thetables 8040, 8050 of FIGS. 63 and 64 . Another mechanical property forwhich surgical clips can differ is the degree to which the surgicalclips spring back in response to applied forces, which can in turnaffect the degree or amount of force that one would wish to apply to thesurgical clips to have them maintained in a desired configuration. Forexample, FIG. 75 illustrates a graph 8088 depicting the relationshipbetween the spring back, represented by the vertical axis 8090, fordifferent surgical clip types, represented by the horizontal axis 8092.The spring back can correspond to the percentage or degree to which asurgical clip will return relative to its initial position in responseto a set force, for example. As can be seen from the graph 8088, a firstsurgical clip type 8094 has a spring back of P₁, a second surgical cliptype 8096 has a spring back of P₂, and a third surgical clip type 8098has a spring back of P₃. Therefore, it would be desirable for a controlcircuit 1210 executing the process 8350 illustrated in FIG. 72 to readwhich surgical clip type has been loaded into the clip applier and thenadjust the applied force profile, at least based in part on thespring-back characteristic of a detected clip type.

In one aspect, a control system 8111 for a surgical instrument 8002 canbe configured to automatically implement operational settings of thesurgical instrument 8002 that are customized for a particular user. Forexample, the control system 8111 can execute the process 8400illustrated in FIG. 76 . Accordingly, the control circuit 1210 receives8402 a first datum from a first RFID tag associated with a device orsurgical instrument and receives 8404 a second datum from a second RFIDtag associated with a user (e.g., from a user identifier 8010 asillustrated in FIG. 61 ) via one or more RFID scanners such as, forexample, RFID scanners 8008 (FIG. 55A) to which the control circuit 1210is coupled. The data received from the instrument or device canindicate, for example, the serial number of the device, the device type,and/or characteristics or parameters associated with the device. Thedata received from the user identifier 8010 can indicate, for example,the identity or title of the user.

Accordingly, the control circuit 1210 determines 8406 an operationalsetting for the surgical instrument that is associated with the user.The control circuit 1210 can determine 8406 the user setting byretrieving the relevant user setting(s) (e.g., from the memory 1212). Asnoted above, the user settings can be manually set by the user at acomputer system or automatically learned by the surgical system throughsituational awareness. In one aspect, the determined operational settingcan be selected from a range for the parameter. The user can manuallyselect a value or the surgical system can learn the user's preferencewithin the parameter range, for example. Accordingly, the controlcircuit 1210 can control the surgical instrument according to theoperational setting associated with the user.

Various prophetic implementations of the process 8350 of FIG. 72 areillustrated in connection with FIGS. 77-79 . For example, FIG. 77illustrates a staple height widget or icon 8500 that is displayable on agraphical user interface. The staple height or degree of deformationapplied by a surgical stapler to deployed staples is a controllableparameter. The graphical user interface can be displayed on, forexample, a device/instrument display 11237 or a hub display 11215. Thestaple height widget 8500 can include a range icon 8502 to indicate asuggested selection range for the staple height and a selection icon8504 indicating the actual staple height that has been selected for thesurgical stapler. In various aspects, the staple height widget 8500 canbe manually manipulated by a user of the surgical stapler and/orcontrolled by a control system 8111 of the surgical stapler. In thisexample, the control circuit 1210 has received 8402 a first datum fromthe surgical instrument identifying the surgical instrument as asurgical stapler and/or from the staple cartridge identifying thecartridge type, received 8404 a second datum identifying the user,determined 8406 that the user identity is associated with a particularstaple height setting for surgical staplers, and then controlled 8408the surgical stapler to set the staple height to the defined settingindicated by the selection icon 8504.

As another example, FIG. 78 illustrates a graph 8510 depicting therelationship between force, represented by the vertical axis 8512, anddisplacement stroke, represented by the horizontal axis 8516, for aprophetic firing of a surgical stapler including a control system 8111executing the process 8400 illustrated in FIG. 76 . The forcerepresented by the vertical axis 8512 can correspond to the forceexperienced by or imparted upon a firing member configured to close thejaws of a surgical stapler, fire staplers, and/or cut tissue captured bythe jaws. The force represented by the vertical axis 8512 can alsocorrespond to the force load generated by a motor. The displacementstroke represented by the horizontal axis 8516 can correspond to thedistance traveled by a firing member, which can be delineated into twodistinct phases. In a first or closure phase, represented by the firstline 8520, the firing member is driving closure of the jaws. In a secondor firing phase, represented by the second line 8524, the firing memberis deploying staples and cutting tissue. The speed at which the firingmember is translated during the closure phase (i.e., the closure speed)and the speed at which the firing member is translated during the firingphase (i.e., the firing speed) are both controllable parameters.Further, the force threshold representing the maximum force that ispermitted to be experienced by the surgical instrument before thecontrol system 8111 halts the translation of the firing member or takesother corrective actions is likewise a controllable parameter. The forcethreshold can depend upon the particular surgical instrument componenttypes that are being utilized. For example, the first force thresholdFT₁ can represent the standard or base force limit, the second forcethreshold FT₂ can represent the force limit for a particular shaft type,and the third force threshold FT₃ can represent the force limit for aparticular cartridge type. In various aspects, these controllableparameters can be automatically selected by a control system 8111 forthe surgical instrument and/or manually selected by a user. Thisparticular graph 8510 illustrates that the control system 8111 for thesurgical instrument is executing two separate processes.

In particular, the graph 8510 demonstrates that a control circuit 1210executing the process 8400 illustrated in FIG. 76 has received 8402 afirst datum from the surgical instrument identifying the surgicalinstrument as a surgical stapler, received 8404 a second datumidentifying the user, determined 8406 that the user identity isassociated with a particular surgical stapler closure speed settingselected from a permitted closure speed range 8518 and a particularsurgical stapler firing speed setting selected from a permitted firingspeed range 8522, and then controlled 8408 the surgical stapler to drivethe firing member at the selected speeds.

Further, the graph 8510 demonstrates that a control circuit 1210executing the process 8300 illustrated in FIG. 71 or the process 8350illustrated in FIG. 72 has received 8302, 8352 a first datum from thesurgical instrument identifying the surgical instrument as a surgicalstapler, received 8304, 8354 a second datum from the staple cartridgeidentifying the cartridge type, determined 8306, 8356 that the cartridgetype is associated with a particular force threshold setting for thesurgical stapler, and then controlled 8308, 8358 the surgical instrumentto enforce the determined force threshold.

As demonstrated by FIG. 78 , the various processes described herein, orany suitable portions thereof, can be utilized in conjunction with oneother in any combination or arrangement for controlling a surgicalinstrument. Therefore, control systems 8111 implementing any combinationof the described processes are intended to be within the scope of thepresent disclosure.

As yet another example, FIG. 79 illustrates a graph 8530 demonstratingthe relationship between force, represented by the vertical axis 8532,and time, represented by the horizontal axis 8534, for a propheticfiring of a surgical stapler including a control system 8111 executingthe process 8400 illustrated in FIG. 76 . After clamping tissue, asurgical stapler is programmed to wait for a time period t_(w) beforecutting the clamped tissue or performing other actions. The wait timet_(w) is a controllable parameter. In various aspects, the wait timet_(w) can be manually selected by a user of the surgical stapler and/orcontrolled by a control system 8111 of the surgical stapler. In thisexample, the control circuit 1210 has received 8402 a first datum fromthe surgical instrument identifying the surgical instrument as asurgical stapler and/or from the staple cartridge identifying thecartridge type, received 8404 a second datum identifying the user,determined 8406 that the user identity is associated with a particularwait time t_(w) setting for surgical staplers, and then controlled 8408the surgical stapler to wait for a time period defined by the wait timet_(w) setting, as indicated by the line 8536.

In one aspect, a control system 8111 for a surgical instrument 8002 canbe configured to update an operational setting according to successivelyscanned devices. For example, the control system 8111 can execute theprocess 8450 illustrated in FIG. 80 . Accordingly, the control circuit1210 receives 8452 a first datum from a first RFID tag associated with adevice or surgical instrument via one or more RFID scanners such as, forexample, RFID scanners 8008 (FIG. 55A) to which the control circuit 1210is coupled. Accordingly, the control circuit 1210 can determine 8454 anoperational setting an operational setting based upon the scanneddevice. Further, the control circuit 1210 can thereafter receive 8456 asecond datum from a second RFID tag associated with a second device viathe RFID scanner 8008. Accordingly, the control circuit 1210 can updatethe determined operational setting according to the second device. Forexample, the control circuit 1210 can change the operational settingfrom a first value that is dependent on the first device to a secondvalue that is dependent on both the first and second devices. The datareceived from the devices can indicate, for example, the serial numberof the device, the device type, and/or characteristics or parametersassociated with the device. As one example, the surgical instrument 8002can include a trocar including an RFID scanner 8008. When a first deviceis inserted through the trocar, the control circuit 1210 can read theRFID tag associated with that first device and then update anoperational setting associated with the surgical system based on thedetection of that device. Then when a second device is inserted throughthe trocar, the control circuit 1210 can read the RFID tag associatedwith that second device and then update the operational settingaccordingly. The operational setting in this example can include, forexample, a generator power setting, a surgical stapler firing speed, ora counter tracking the number of device exchanges. Therefore, a controlcircuit 1210 executing the process 8450 can successively updateoperational settings as additional devices are introduced within theoperating theater or surgical environment.

In one aspect, a control system 8111 for a surgical instrument 8002 canbe configured to automatically update a default operational algorithm ofthe surgical instrument 8002 according to scanned components thereof.For example, the control system 8111 can execute a process 8700illustrated in FIG. 81 . Accordingly, the control circuit 1210 receives8702 a first datum from a first RFID tag associated with a first deviceand receives 8704 a second datum from a second RFID tag associated witha second device via one or more RFID scanners such as, for example, RFIDscanners 8008 (FIG. 55A) to which the control circuit 1210 is coupled.The received data can indicate, for example, the serial number of thedevice, the device type, and/or characteristics or parameters associatedwith the device. In one aspect, the RFID scanners 8008 can be positionedsuch that the RFID tags associated with each of the components arenaturally read by the RFID scanners 8008 as a natural consequence of theassembly or utilization of the surgical instrument 8002, as describedabove in connection with FIGS. 61 and 62 .

Furthermore, the control circuit 1210 can determine 8706 adjustments toa default control algorithm of the surgical instrument 8002 the receiveddata. In addition, the control circuit 1210 can update 8708 the defaultcontrol algorithm to an updated control algorithm based on thedetermined adjustments. The control algorithm can dictate how thesurgical instrument 8002 itself (or a component thereof) is controlledor how a third device (e.g., a surgical generator that the surgicalinstrument 8002 is coupled to) is controlled.

In one example in accordance with the process 8700 of FIG. 81 , thesurgical instrument 8002 is an ultrasonic surgical instrument, and thefirst and second devices are an ultrasonic transducer and an ultrasonicwaveguide with RFID tags 8006 that store a first datum and a seconddatum, respectively, indicative of adjustments to a default naturalfrequency of the surgical instrument 8002. Ultrasonic surgicalinstruments are designed to operate within a defined frequency band orrange (e.g. 53-57 kHz). Ultrasonic energy is used to drive a predefineddisplacement of an ultrasonic blade. The ultrasonic energy istransmitted from the ultrasonic transducer to the ultrasonic bladethrough the ultrasonic waveguide, in order to complete a desired tissuetreatment function. The manufacturing process of the first and seconddevices can yield mass variations, material density variations, and/orassembly variations that can shift a natural frequency of ultrasonicsurgical instrument and cause differences in the output displacement.Accordingly, during manufacturing each of the first and second devicescan be tested to capture a natural frequency associated therewith. TheRFID tags 8006 of the first device and the second device can store afirst datum and a second datum, respectively, indicative of the capturednatural frequencies.

Further to the above, the control circuit 1210 can be configured todetermine 8706 adjustments to a default natural frequency of thesurgical instrument 8002 based on the first datum and the second datum,can cause a generator or handle assembly associated with the surgicalinstrument 8002 to adjust the power delivered to the ultrasonictransducer to yield an updated 8708 natural frequency based on thedetermined adjustments. This would optimize the function and variationbetween devices by having the surgical instrument output tuned to thespecific design and/or manufacturing parameters of its components.Additionally operating at the updated natural frequency would reduceundesirable stresses and lower opportunity of breakage. In at least oneexample, the control circuit 1210 can employ a lookup table of naturalfrequency adjustments for corresponding devices of the surgicalinstrument 8002, which can be identified via any suitable identificationinformation such as, for example, a device number, type, or manufacturertransmitted.

For brevity, the various processes above are described as being executedby the control circuit 1210 illustrated in FIG. 55 . However, this is anon-limiting example of a control circuit and it should be recognizedthat the depicted processes can be executed by circuitry that caninclude a variety of hardware and/or software components. As anotherexample, the processes can be embodied as an ASIC that is configured toperform the described functions. As yet another example, the processescan be embodied as instructions stored in a memory coupled to aprocessor that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor ordevice to perform the described functions. A control circuit caninclude, for example, the control circuit 1210 illustrated in FIG. 55 ,the processor module 11232 of the surgical hub 11206 illustrated inFIGS. 43 and 54 , and various other hardware and/or software components.

In various aspects, one of the first device and the second deviceutilized in the processes described in connection with FIGS. 65, 66, 68,71, 81 can be a device packaging. In one example, the second device is adevice packaging of the first device. In another example, the seconddevice is a device packaging of a third device releasably couplable tothe surgical instrument 8002. In at least one example, the first deviceis a housing assembly 8004 a (FIG. 60 ), and the second device is apackaging of the housing assembly 8004 a. In such example, the devicepackaging can include an RFID tag storing information about the housingassembly 8004 a. The stored information can indicate whether the devicepackaging has been opened or tampered with, can indicate an expirationdate of the packaged device, and/or can include compatibility and/orauthenticity information.

During various surgical procedures, a surgical instrument comprising atleast one replaceable component are used. It is important that suchreplaceable components be replaced with functional and/or compatiblecomponents. Various identification systems described in greater detailherein verify, among other things, a component's compatibility with thesurgical instrument and/or verify an operating status of the component.For instance, a controller and/or an identification system can serve to,for example, ensure that the packaging containing the replaceablecomponent has not been destroyed and/or tampered with, alert a clinicianif a component is compatible or incompatible with the surgicalinstrument, alert the clinician if the replaceable component is expired,and/or alert the clinician if a recall exists for a particularmanufacturing batch and/or type of the replaceable component.

The identification systems described herein can either be active systemsor passive systems. In various embodiments, a combination of active andpassive identification systems are used. Passive systems can include,for example, a barcode, a quick response (QR) code, and/or a radiofrequency identification (RFID) tag. Passive systems do not comprise aninternal power source, and the passive systems described herein requirea reader and/or scanner to send a first signal, such as an interrogationsignal, for example.

Passive radio frequency identification (RFID) systems communicateinformation by using radio frequencies. Such passive RFID systemscomprise an RFID scanner and an RFID tag with no internal power source.The RFID tag is powered by electromagnetic energy transmitted from theRFID scanner. Each RFID tag comprises a chip, such as a microchip, forexample, that stores information about the replaceable component and/ora surgical instrument with which the replaceable component iscompatible. While the chip may only contain an identification number, invarious instances, the chip can store additional information such as,for example, the manufacturing data, shipping data, and/or maintenancehistory. Each RFID tag comprises a radio antenna that allows the RFIDtag to communicate with the RFID scanner. The radio antenna extends therange in which the RFID tag can receive signals from the RFID scannerand transmit response signals back to the RFID scanner. In a passiveRFID system, the RFID scanner, which also comprises its own antenna,transmits radio signals that activate RFID tags that are positionedwithin a pre-determined range. The RFID scanner is configured to receivethe response signals that are “bounced back” from RFID tags, allowingthe RFID scanner is to capture the identification informationrepresentative of the replaceable component. In various instances, theone or more response signals comprise the same signal as theinterrogation signal. In various instances, the one or more responsesignals comprise a modified signal from the interrogation signal. Invarious instances, the RFID scanner is also able to write, or encode,information directly onto the RFID tag. In any event, the RFID scanneris able to pass information about the replaceable component to acontroller, such as the control system of a surgical instrument and/or aremote surgical system. The RFID scanner is configured to read multipleRFID tags at once, as the RFID tags are activated by radio signals.Additionally, in certain instances, the RFID scanner is able to update,or rewrite, information stored on an RFID tag in signal range with theRFID scanner. The updates can, for example, be transmitted to the RFIDscanner from a surgical hub, or any suitable server. Various surgicalhubs are described in described in U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/209,395, titled METHOD OF HUB COMMUNICATION, and filed Dec. 4, 2018,now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0201136, which ishereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Active radio frequency identification (RFID) systems also comprise anRFID tag and an RFID scanner. However, the RFID tag in an active RFIDsystem comprises an internal power source. Active RFID systems utilizebattery-powered RFID tags that are configured to continuously broadcasttheir own signal. One type of active RFID tag is commonly referred to asa “beacon.” Such beacon RFID tags do not wait to receive a first signalfrom an RFID scanner. Instead, the beacon RFID tag continuouslytransmits its stored information. For example, the beacon can send outits information at an interval of every 3-5 seconds. Another type ofactive RFID tag comprises a transponder. In such systems, the RFIDscanner transmits a signal first. The RFID transponder tag then sends asignal back to the RFID scanner with the relevant information. Such RFIDtransponder tag systems are efficient, as they conserve battery lifewhen, for example, the RFID tag is out of range of the RFID scanner. Invarious instances, the active RFID tag comprises an on-board sensor totrack an environmental parameter. For example, the on-board sensor cantrack moisture levels, temperature, and/or other data that might berelevant.

FIG. 82 illustrates various surgical instruments that are configured toreceive various supplemental components that can be replaced during asurgical procedure. Such surgical instruments can benefit from theinclusion of at least one of the identification systems describedherein, such as an RFID system. For example, a surgical staplinginstrument 6100 comprises a handle 6110, an elongate shaft 6120extending from the handle 6110, and an end effector 6130 extending fromthe elongate shaft 6120. The end effector 6130 comprises a first jaw6132 and a second jaw 6134, wherein the second jaw 6134 is configured toreceive a replaceable staple cartridge 6140. During a particularsurgical procedure, a clinician may want to attach various supplementalcomponents to the end effector 6130. Such supplemental components, oradjunct materials, are used to reinforce the staples and/or supplementthe function of the staples. For example, a buttress, or tissuethickness compensator, 6165 may be attached to the first jaw 6132 and/orthe second jaw 6134 to accommodate for varying tissue thicknesses. Theaddition of the buttress 6165 to the end effector 6130 can assist informing a uniform staple line on the patient tissue, for example. In aneffort to facilitate attachment of the buttress 6165 to the end effector6130 and/or for storage, the buttress 6165 can be supported on amounting member 6160. In various instances, the clinician can attach alayer of hemostatic agent 6175 to the first jaw 6132 and/or the secondjaw 6134 of the end effector 6130 to promote rapid blood coagulation,among other things. The layer of hemostatic agent 6175 can improve theseal created by the staples, for example. In an effort to facilitateattachment of the layer of hemostatic agent 6175 to the end effector6130 and/or for storage, the layer of hemostatic agent 6175 can besupported on a mounting member 6170. In various instances, the cliniciancan attach a layer of adhesive 6185 to the first jaw 6132 and/or thesecond jaw 6134 of the end effector 6130 to promote healing of thetreated tissue and/or enhance the connection between two layers oftissue, among other things. The layer of adhesive 6185 can improve theseal created by the staples, for example. In an effort to facilitateattachment of the layer of adhesive can be supported on a mountingmember 6180.

As described in greater detail herein, a first RFID tag 6162 ispositioned on the mounting member 6160. The first RFID tag 6162comprises stored information, wherein the stored information comprisesdata that identifies a characteristic of the buttress 6165 supported onthe mounting member 6160. A second RFID tag 6172 is positioned on themounting member 6170. The second RFID tag 6172 comprises storedinformation, wherein the stored information comprises data thatidentifies a characteristic of the layer of hemostatic agent 6175supported on the mounting member 6170. A third RFID tag 6182 ispositioned on the mounting member 6180. The third RFID tag 6182comprises stored information, wherein the stored information comprisesdata that identifies a characteristic of the layer of adhesive 6185supported on the mounting member 6180. The surgical stapling instrument6100 further comprises an RFID scanner 6150. As discussed in greaterdetail herein, the RFID scanner 6150 can be positioned in any suitablelocation on the surgical instrument 6100 that allows the RFID scanner6150 to communicate with the first RFID tag 6162, the second RFID tag6172, and/or the third RFID tag 6182 as the supplemental component isbeing attached and/or after the supplemental component is attached tothe end effector 6130.

A surgical clip applier 6200 comprises a handle 6210, an elongate shaft6220 extending from the handle 6210, and an end effector 6230 extendingfrom the elongate shaft 6220. The end effector 6230 comprises a firstjaw 6232 and a second jaw 6234, wherein at least one of the first jaw6232 and the second jaw 6234 is movable relative to one another during aclip crimping stroke. During a particular surgical procedure, aclinician may want to attach various supplemental components to the endeffector 6230. For example, a clip 6260 comprising a first thickness maybe loaded into the surgical clip applier 6200. The clip 6260 may beloaded individually into the surgical clip applier 6200 and/or the clip6260 may be loaded into the surgical clip applier 6200 as a part of aclip cartridge. The attachment of the clip 6260 to the surgical clipapplier 6200 can be beneficial when the patient tissue is thick and/ordense, for example. In various instances, the clinician can attach aclip 6290 comprising a second thickness to the surgical clip applier6200. In various instances, the second thickness of the clip 6290 issmaller than the first thickness of the clip 6260. The attachment of theclip 6290 to the surgical clip applier 6200 can be beneficial when thepatient tissue is thin and/or delicate, for example. In variousinstances, the clinician can attach a clip 6270 comprising a pluralityof projections 6275 to the surgical clip applier 6200. The projections6275 of the clip 6270 can serve to enhance the grip between the clip6270 and the patient tissue and/or maintain the position of a crimpedclip 6270 on the patient tissue, among other things. As shown on clip6270, the projections 6275 may be attached to a thin clip. Utilizationof the projections 6275 on the thin clip is beneficial when the patienttissue is thin and/or delicate, for example. In various instances, theclinician can attach a clip 6280 comprising a plurality of projections6285 to the surgical clip applier 6200. The projections 6285 of the clip6280 can serve to enhance the grip between the clip 6280 and the patienttissue and/or maintain the position of a crimped clip 6280 on thepatient tissue, among other things. As shown on clip 6280, theprojections 6285 may be attached to a thick clip. Utilization of theprojections 6285 on the thick clip is beneficial when the patient tissueis thick and/or dense, for example.

As described in greater detail herein, a first RFID tag 6262 ispositioned on the first clip 6260. The first RFID tag 6162 comprisesstored information, wherein the stored information comprises data thatidentifies a characteristic of the clip 6260. A second RFID tag 6272 ispositioned on the second clip 6270. The second RFID tag 6272 comprisesstored information, wherein the stored information comprises data thatidentifies a characteristic of the second clip 6270. A third RFID tag6282 is positioned on the third clip 6280. The third RFID tag 6282comprises stored information, wherein the stored information comprisesdata that identifies a characteristic of the third clip 6280. A fourthRFID tag 6292 is positioned on the fourth clip 6290. The fourth RFID tag6292 comprises stored information, wherein the stored informationcomprises data that identifies a characteristic of the fourth clip 6290.The surgical clip applier 6200 further comprises an RFID scanner 6250.As discussed in greater detail herein, the RFID scanner 6250 can bepositioned in any suitable location on the surgical instrument 6200 thatallows the RFID scanner 6250 to communicate with the first RFID tag6262, the second RFID tag 6272, the third RFID tag 6282, and/or thefourth RFID tag 6292 as the supplemental component is being and/or afterthe supplemental component is attached to the suturing device 6200.

A surgical suturing device 6300 comprises a handle 6310, an elongateshaft 6320 extending from the handle 6310, and an end effector 6330extending from the elongate shaft 6320. The end effector 6330 comprisesa needle track configured to receive a portion of a replaceable needle.During a particular surgical procedure, a clinician may want to attachvarious supplemental components to the end effector 6330. Different knottying mechanisms and/or different suture termination elements can beused to finish a line of sutures instead of tying a knotlaparoscopically. For example, a needle 6360 comprising a firstthickness may be loaded into the end effector 6330. The needle 6360comprises a first end 6364 and a second end 6366. The first end 6364comprises a pointed tip that comprises a first degree of sharpness. Thesecond end 6366 comprises a suturing material 6365 attached thereto. Theattachment of the shaft needle 6360 to the end effector 6330 can bebeneficial when the patient tissue is thick and/or dense, for example.In various instances, the clinician can attach a needle 6370 comprisinga second thickness to the end effector 6330. In various instances, thesecond thickness of the clip 6370 is smaller than the first thickness ofthe clip 6360. The clip 6370 further comprises a first end 6374comprising a pointed tip that comprises a second degree of sharpness. Invarious instances, the second degree of sharpness of the clip 6370 isless than the first degree of sharpness of the clip 6360. The second end6376 comprises a suturing material 6375 attached thereto. The attachmentof the needle 6370 to the end effector 6330 can be beneficial when thepatient tissue is thin and/or delicate, for example. In variousinstances, the clinician can select a particular suturing material to beattached to the replaceable needle. For example, a first suturingmaterial 6385 can be made of a first material, comprise a first length,and/or comprise a first thickness. The first suturing material 6385 canbe stored in a first packaging 6380 prior to attachment to a replaceableneedle. A second suturing material 6395 can be made of a secondmaterial, comprise a second length, and/or comprise a second thickness.The second suturing material 6395 can be stored in a second packaging6390 prior to attachment to a replaceable needle.

As described in greater detail herein, a first RFID tag 6362 ispositioned on the first replaceable needle 6360. The first RFID tag 6362comprises stored information, wherein the stored information comprisesdata that identifies a characteristic of the replaceable needle 6360and/or the suturing material 6365 attached thereto. A second RFID tag6372 is positioned on the second replaceable needle 6370. The secondRFID tag 6372 comprises stored information, wherein the storedinformation comprises data that identifies a characteristic of thesecond replaceable needle 6370 and/or the suturing material 6375attached thereto. A third RFID tag 6382 is positioned on the packaging6380 of the third suturing material 6385. The third RFID tag 6382comprises stored information, wherein the stored information comprisesdata that identifies a characteristic of the third suturing material6385. A fourth RFID tag 6392 is positioned on the packaging 6390 of thefourth suturing material 6395. The fourth RFID tag 6392 comprises storedinformation, wherein the stored information comprises data thatidentifies a characteristic of the fourth suturing material 6390. Thesurgical suturing device 6300 further comprises an RFID scanner 6350. Asdiscussed in greater detail herein, the RFID scanner 6350 can bepositioned in any suitable location on the surgical instrument 6300 thatallows the RFID scanner 6350 to communicate with the first RFID tag 6362and/or the second RFID tag 6372 as one of the replaceable needles 6360,6370 is being positioned and/or after the replaceable needle ispositioned within the needle track of the end effector 6330 and/or tocommunicate with the third RFID tag 6382 and/or the fourth RFID tag 6392when the packaging 6380, 6390 is brought within a pre-defined distancefrom the RFID scanner 6300.

Supplemental components, such as, for example, the buttress 6165, thehemostatic agent 6175, and/or the adhesive 6185, are contained within asealed packaging after being manufactured until the packaging in openedin the operating room. In various instances, the supplemental componentis supported on a mounting member within the packaging, for example, tofacilitate storage and/or facilitate attachment of the supplementalcomponent to the surgical instrument. Various forms of packaginginclude, for example, peel-pouches, woven and/or non-woven materialwrappers, and rigid containers.

FIG. 83 depicts an example of a sealed packaging 7000. The depictedpackaging 7000 is a peel-pouch. The packaging 7000 comprises a firstlayer 7010 and a second layer 7020. The first layer 7010 and the secondlayer 7020 form a protective barrier around a layer of hemostatic agent7175, which is configured to be attached to a surgical staple cartridge.The layer of hemostatic agent 7175 is supported on a mounting member7170 prior to the attachment of the layer of hemostatic agent 7175 to asurgical instrument. The mounting member 7170 comprises retentionmembers 7171 configured to receive a portion of the layer of hemostaticagent 7175 and to, for example, facilitate alignment of the layer ofhemostatic agent 7175. An adhesive bonds the first layer 7010 and thesecond layer 7020 together to form an airtight and/or fluid-tight sealand/or pouch around the layer of hemostatic agent 7175. The adhesiveforms a seal without creases, wrinkles, and/or gaps. The seal created bythe adhesive prevents contaminants from coming into contact with thelayer of hemostatic agent 7175 and/or prevents components of the layerof hemostatic agent 7175 from being misplaced, for example. In variousinstances, the hemostatic agent 7175 is hermetically sealed within thepackaging 7000. In various instances, the packaging 7000 provides acompletely fluid-tight and airtight seal.

The first layer 7010 and the second layer 7020 are comprised of amaterial such as, for example, paper with a laminated inner surface. Thelaminated inner surface provides a barrier to prevent contaminants fromentering the sealed portion of the packaging 7000. In various instances,the first layer 7010 and the second layer 7020 are comprised of plastic.The first layer 7010 and the second layer 7020 can be comprised of amaterial with a particular degree of transparency to allow a clinician,for example, to observe the contents of the packaging 7000 prior tobreaking the seal. The above being said, any suitable material and/orcombinations of materials can be used for the first layer 7010 and/orthe second layer 7020. The first layer 7010 comprises a first portionpositioned outside of the seal, and the second layer 7020 comprises asecond portion positioned outside of the seal. The clinician can exposethe sealed layer of hemostatic agent 7175 by holding the first portionand the second portion in separate hands and pulling the first portionin a direction away from the second layer 7020, although any suitableopening method can be used.

FIG. 83 depicts an RFID system 7500 integrated with the packaging 7000.The RFID system 7500 comprises an RFID tag 7172 and an insulator 7050.The RFID tag 7172 comprises a chip, such as a microchip, for example,that stores information about the packaging 7000 and/or the contents ofthe packaging 7000. In various instances, the chip comprises anidentification number. Such an identification number can be assigned tothe chip that can communicate the chip's existence to an RFID scanner.In various instances, the chip comprises additional information such as,for example, manufacturing data, shipping data, and/or compatibilitydata. The RFID tag 7172 further comprises a radio antenna 7173configured to facilitate communication between the RFID tag 7172 and theRFID scanner.

The insulator 7050 is attached to the first layer 7010 of the packaging7000, while the RFID tag 7172 is attached to a mounting member 7170supporting the layer of hemostatic agent 7175. When the packaging 7000is in a sealed configuration, the insulator 7050 is affixed to, orotherwise connected to an integrated battery 7176 of the RFID tag 7172.The integrated battery 7176 is activated when the packaging 7000 isopened. Prior to the packaging 7000 being opened, the interface betweenthe insulator 7050 and the integrated battery 7176 prevents theintegrated battery 7176 from providing power to the RFID tag 7172. Insuch instances, the RFID tag 7172 is unable to emit a signal. When aclinician breaks the seal of the packaging 7000 by peeling the firstlayer 7010 away from the second layer 7020, the insulator 7050 isdisconnected, or otherwise disassociated, from the integrated battery7176 of the RFID tag 7172. Upon disassociation of the insulator 7050from the integrated battery 7176, the circuit between the integratedbattery 7176 and the RFID tag 7172 is closed, and the RFID tag 7172 isenergized. As shown in FIG. 83 , the RFID tag 7172 begins emitting asignal 7174 upon being energized. The RFID tag 7172 is configured toemit the signal 7174 at any appropriate frequency and/or for anyappropriate duration. For example, the RFID tag 7172 can continuouslyemit the signal 7174 or the RFID tag 7172 can emit the signal 7174 every3-5 seconds. The signal 7174 comprises some, or all, of the informationstored on the chip of the RFID tag 7172. In various instances, thesignal 7174 may serve to alert a surgical instrument that the packaging7000 has been tampered with during shipping and/or storage or simplythat the packaging 7000 has been unsealed, for example.

FIG. 85 illustrates a block diagram of an RFID system and/or controlsystem 7400 of the surgical stapling instrument and/or tool 7100;however the control system 7400 can be adapted for use with alternativesurgical instruments and/or tools, such as the surgical clip applier7200 and/or the surgical suturing device 7300 described in greaterdetail herein. The control system 7400 includes a control circuit 1210that can be integrated with the RFID scanner, such as RFID scanner 7408a or can be coupled to, but positioned separately from, the RFID scanner7408 a. The control circuit 1210 can be configured to receive input fromthe RFID scanner 7408 a indicative of the information stored in the RFIDtag 7406 a about the supplemental component 7175 and/or informationabout the packaging 7000 of the supplemental component 7175. In variousinstances, the RFID system 7400 comprises more than one RFID scanner7408 b-h and/or more than one RFID tag 7406 b-h. The RFID scanners 7408a-h are communicably coupled to the control circuit 1210 can receivedata from the RFID scanners 7408 a-h and then take various actions basedupon the read data, as are described below.

In at least one example, the control circuit 1210 includes amicrocontroller 1213 that has a processor 1214 and a storage medium suchas, for example, a memory 1212. The memory 1212 stores programinstructions for performing various processes such as, for example,identity verification. The program instructions, when executed by theprocessor 1214, cause the processor 1214 to verify the identity of thepackaging 7000 and/or the supplemental component 7175 by comparing theidentification information received from the RFID tag(s) 7406 a-h toidentification information stored in the memory 1212 in the form of anidentity database or look-up table, for example. In various examples,the memory 1212 comprises a local memory of the instrument 7100. Inother examples, identity databases or tables and/or compatibilitydatabases or tables can be downloaded from a remote server. In variousaspects, the instrument 7100 may transmit the information received fromRFID tag(s) 7406 a-7406 h to a remote server that stores the databasesor tables for performing the identity and/or compatibility checksremotely.

The RFID tag 7172 is configured to communicate with an RFID scanner.Once the insulator 7050 has been removed, the integrated battery 7176 ofthe RFID tag 7172 allows the RFID tag 7172 to emit the signal 7174 priorto receiving a first signal, such as an interrogation signal, from theRFID scanner. The RFID scanner comprises a scanner antenna configured totransmit and/or receive radio signals 7174 from the RFID tag 7172. Invarious instances, the RFID scanner comprises reading and writingcapabilities. The RFID scanner is configured to pass the collectedinformation from the RFID tag 7172 to a controller of the surgicalinstrument for further interpretation. In various instances, thecontroller is configured to determine if the supplemental component iscompatible with the particular surgical instrument. In variousinstances, the controller is configured to activate a lockout assembly7179 to prevent the surgical instrument from performing a function withthe firing drive assembly 1163 such as, for example, a staple firingstroke, a suture firing stroke, and/or a clip crimping stroke if thecontroller determines that the supplemental component is not compatiblewith the particular surgical instrument and/or for use during theparticular surgical procedure. Various lockout assemblies are describedin greater detail in U.S. Pat. No. 7,143,923, entitled SURGICAL STAPLINGINSTRUMENT HAVING A FIRING LOCKOUT FOR AN UNCLOSED ANVIL, which issuedon Dec. 5, 2006; U.S. Pat. No. 7,044,352, SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTHAVING A SINGLE LOCKOUT MECHANISM FOR PREVENTION OF FIRING, which issuedon May 16, 2006; U.S. Pat. No. 7,000,818, SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTHAVING SEPARATE DISTINCT CLOSING AND FIRING SYSTEMS, which issued onFeb. 21, 2006; U.S. Pat. No. 6,988,649, SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTHAVING A SPENT CARTRIDGE LOCKOUT, which issued on Jan. 24, 2006; andU.S. Pat. No. 6,978,921, SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT INCORPORATING ANE-BEAM FIRING MECHANISM, which issued on Dec. 27, 2005, the disclosuresof which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. TheRFID scanner is positioned within a pre-determined range of the RFID tag7172 that allows for the RFID scanner to be able to receive the emittedsignal 7174 transmitted by the RFID tag 7172. Depending on theapplication, the RFID scanner can be positioned on a surgicalinstrument, on the contents of the packaging, and/or remotely located ona console, such as a remote surgical system in communication with thesurgical instrument. Additionally, the controller can be located in anysuitable location, such as, for example, the surgical instrument or on aremote console.

In various instances, the tag antenna of the RFID tag 7172 is destroyedand/or is otherwise rendered inoperable as the packaging 7000 is openedand/or after the packaging 7000 is opened. The RFID tag 7172 is unableto transmit and/or receive communication and/or signals from an RFIDscanner when the tag antenna is inoperable. In such instances, the RFIDscanner is configured to receive a first signal from the RFID tag 7172before the packaging is opened. Once the RFID scanner receives the firstsignal, the controller of the surgical instrument is configured toauthenticate the packaging 7000 and the contents of the packaging 7000.If the RFID scanner does not receive the first signal from the RFID tag7172, the controller is configured to prevent the surgical instrumentfrom performing a function with the firing drive assembly 1163. Thefailure of the RFID scanner to receive the first signal is indicative ofa tampered packaging and/or an inauthentic packaging, among otherthings. In various instances, the tag antenna is still operable afterthe packaging 7000 is opened; however, the communication range of thetag antenna is diminished. In such instances, the diminishedcommunication range prevents the RFID tag 7172 from receiving and/ortransmitting communication to the RFID scanner.

In various instances, a switch is positioned between the RFID tag 7172and the power source. The insulator 7050 biases the switch open when thepackaging 7000 is in a sealed configuration, and the power source isunable to supply power to the RFID tag 7172. In such circumstances, theRFID tag 7172 is unable to communicate with the RFID scanner. When thepackaging 7000 in an unsealed configuration, the insulator 7050 isdisassociated from the RFID tag 7172, and the switch is closed. In suchcircumstances, the power source is able to supply power to the RFID tag7172, and the RFID tag 7172 is able to communicate with the RFIDscanner.

In various instances, an RFID system comprising an RFID tag mounted tothe second layer 7020 of the packaging 7000 can be used. Further to theabove, the RFID tag comprises an internal power source positioned on thesecond layer 7020 of the packaging 7000. An insulator, similar to theinsulator 7050, is attached to the packaging 7000 and, when thepackaging 7000 is opened, the RFID tag on the second layer 7020 isactivated. The insulator is attached to, or otherwise associated with,the first layer 7010 of the packaging 7000. When the packaging 7000 isin a sealed configuration, the insulator 7050 is attached to, orotherwise connected to, the RFID tag on the second layer 7020 of thepackaging 7000 and holds open the circuit between the integrated powersource and the RFID tag. The interface between the insulator 7050 andthe RFID tag prevents the power source from activating the RFID tag, andthe RFID tag is unable to emit a signal. When a clinician breaks theseal of the packaging 7000 by peeling away the first layer 7010, forexample, the insulator 7050 is disconnected, or otherwise disassociated,from the RFID tag and the circuit between the power source and the RFIDtag is closed. At such point, the RFID tag is energized and begins toemit a signal.

In various instances, the RFID system 7500 further comprises atransponder. The transponder receives a first communication from an RFIDscanner. In various instances, the first communication from the RFIDscanner energizes the transponder to a degree sufficient for thetransponder to communicate with the RFID tag. In various instances, thetransponder is energized prior to receiving the first communication fromthe RFID scanner. In any event, the transponder is configured toautomatically transmit a signal to the RFID tag upon hearing, orotherwise receiving, the first communication from the RFID scanner. Thepower source of the RFID tag energizes the RFID tag upon receiving thesignal from the transponder, and the RFID tag is able to respond to thecommunication transmitted by the RFID scanner. The transponder servesto, among other things, preserve the battery life of the RFID tag until,for example, the RFID tag is within range of the RFID scanner.

As described in greater detail herein, it is valuable for a clinician tobe able to verify the compatibility of a supplemental component for usewith a particular surgical instrument and/or for use during a particularsurgical procedure. For various reasons, it can be also be meaningfulfor a clinician to be able to ensure that the supplemental component hasnot been previously used and/or tampered with. The clinician may alsowant to confirm, for example, that the supplemental component is notcontaminated, that the supplemental component is intact, and/or that thesupplemental component comprises an acceptable composition and/ordimension.

FIG. 84 illustrates a portion of a surgical stapling instrument 7100. Asdiscussed in greater detail elsewhere herein, the surgical staplinginstrument 7100 comprises an end effector 7130 extending from anelongate shaft 7120 of the surgical stapling instrument 7100. The endeffector 7130 comprises a first jaw 7132, wherein the first jaw 7132 isan anvil. The first jaw 7132 comprises a plurality of staple formingpockets. The end effector 7130 further comprises a second jaw 7134comprising a channel configured to receive a replaceable staplecartridge 7140. The replaceable staple cartridge 7140 comprises acartridge body and a plurality of staples removably stored within thecartridge body. The plurality of staples are driven out of the cartridgebody during a staple firing stroke 1163. In an effort to, for example,promote rapid blood coagulation, of patient tissue affected during thestaple firing and tissue cutting stroke 1163, the clinician can attach alayer of hemostatic agent 7175 to the end effector 7130 prior toperforming the staple firing stroke 1163. In various instances, thelayer of hemostatic agent 7175 is attached to a deck surface of thecartridge body. In various instances, the layer of hemostatic agent 7175is attached to a tissue-supporting surface of the anvil. In any event,the layer of hemostatic agent 7175 is in contact with the patient tissueduring and/or after the staple firing stroke 1163.

As discussed above, the layer of hemostatic agent 7175 is sealed withina packaging prior to attachment to the surgical instrument. Within thepackaging, the layer of hemostatic agent 7175 is part of a mountingassembly configured to facilitate storage and attachment of the layer ofhemostatic agent 7175. The mounting assembly comprises a mounting member7170. In various instances, the mounting member 7170 provides a physicalbarrier between the layers of the packaging and the hemostatic agent7175 and prevents the layers of the packaging from coming into contactwith the hemostatic agent 7175. For example, the mounting member 7170prevents the layer of hemostatic agent 7175 from sticking and/orotherwise adhering to one or both of the layers of the packaging. Thelayer of hemostatic agent 7175 is positioned between an opening withinthe mounting member 7170 defined by sidewalls 7177, 7188 of the mountingmember 7170. The mounting member 7170 comprises retention members 7171that receive a portion of the layer of hemostatic agent 7175. Theretention members 7171 maintain the alignment of the layer of hemostaticagent 7175 and secure the layer of hemostatic agent 7175 to the mountingmember 7170. The mounting member 7170 also provides a surface for theclinician to hold when aligning the layer of hemostatic agent 7175 forattachment to the end effector 7130 of the surgical instrument. Thesurface provided by the mounting member 7170 allows a clinician toattach the layer of hemostatic agent 7175 to the end effector 7130without having to touch or otherwise contact the layer of hemostaticagent 7175.

The mounting member 7170 further comprises an RFID tag 7172. The RFIDtag 7172 comprises a chip, such as a microchip, for example, that storesinformation about the mounting member 7170 and/or the layer ofhemostatic agent 7175. In various instances, the set of storedinformation stored on the RFID chip comprises data that identifies thetype of supplemental component the mounting member 7170 is supporting.In the depicted embodiment, the mounting member 7170 is supporting alayer of hemostatic agent 7175. However, the mounting member 7170 cansupport any suitable form of supplemental component such as, forexample, a tissue thickness compensator and/or an adhesive. As shown inFIG. 81 , the RFID tag 7172 is mounted to a sidewall 7178 of themounting member 7170. However, the RFID tag 7172 can be embedded withinand/or attached to the mounting member 7170 by any suitable method. Invarious instances, the RFID tag 7172 can be positioned on the layer ofhemostatic agent 7175.

The RFID tag 7172 in the mounting member 7170 provides a lockout 7179for the surgical instrument. The surgical instrument will not perform afunction with the firing drive assembly 1163, such as a staple firingstroke and/or a jaw closure stroke, for example, if the informationstored on the RFID tag 7172 is not received by a controller of thesurgical instrument. In various instances, the surgical instrument willnot perform the function with the firing drive assembly 1163 when theRFID tag 7172 is still in communication with an RFID scanner 7150 afterthe layer of hemostatic agent 7175 has been attached to the end effector7130. Such a lockout 7179 prevents the surgical instrument fromperforming the function with the firing drive assembly 1163 when themounting member 7170 is still attached to the layer of hemostatic agent7175 and/or the layer of hemostatic agent 7175 has been inappropriatelyattached to the end effector 7130.

As mentioned in greater detail herein, the surgical stapling instrument7100 comprises an RFID scanner 7150 configured to communicate withnearby RFID tags. The RFID scanner 7150 comprises a scanner antennaconfigured to transmit radio signals. The radio signals activate RFIDtags that are positioned within a pre-determined range of the RFIDscanner 7150. The RFID scanner 7150 then receives one or more responsesignals that are “bounced back” from the RFID tag(s). In variousinstances, the one or more response signals comprise the same signal asthe interrogation signal. In various instances, the one or more responsesignals comprise a modified signal from the interrogation signal. Invarious instances, the RFID scanner 7150 comprises reading and writingcapabilities. The RFID scanner 7150 is then able to pass the collectedinformation from the RFID tag to a controller for furtherinterpretation. The controller can be positioned in the surgicalinstrument, the remote console, or in any suitable location. The RFIDscanner 7150 and/or the controller can comprise a stored set ofinformation that corresponds to surgical stapling assemblies that arecompatible with a particular surgical instrument and/or for use during aparticular surgical procedure.

More specifically, the surgical system comprises an RFID scanner 7150configured to interact with the RFID tag 7172 attached to the mountingmember 7170. The RFID scanner 7150 can be present in various locations.For example, the RFID scanner 7150 can be retained by the staplecartridge 7140. In various instances, the RFID scanner is powered by thebattery and/or power source of the surgical instrument. In the depictedembodiment, the RFID scanner 7150 is positioned on the second jaw 7134of the end effector 7130; however, the RFID scanner 7150 can be locatedin an alternative location within the surgical system and/or any othersuitable location that would allow for communication between the RFIDtag 7172 and the RFID scanner 7150 when the mounting member 7170 iswithin a pre-determined range of the end effector 7130. The RFID scanner7150 and/or the RFID tag 7172 are powered such that the signal(s) theyemit can only be detected within a limited radius. That said, as themounting member 7170 is removed from the layer of hemostatic agent 7175after attaching the layer of hemostatic agent 7175 to the end effector7130, the RFID tag 7172 is unable to communicate with the RFID scanner7150.

In various instances, the end effector 7130 comprises an RFID scannerpositioned on a distal end of the end effector 7130. An RFID tag isretained by a back wall 7177 of the mounting member 7170. During properattachment of the supplemental component 7175 to the end effector 7130,the distal end of the end effector 7130 is brought close to, alignedwith, and/or brought into contact with the back wall 7177 of themounting member 7170. In various instances, the communication range ofthe RFID scanner spans a distance that only encompasses the RFID tag ofthe back wall 7177 of the mounting member 7170 when the end effector7130 is brought close to and/or brought into contact with the back wall7177. Such a communication range allows the RFID tag to communicate withthe RFID scanner only when the supplemental component 7175 is fullyaligned with the end effector 7130. The communication between the RFIDtag and the RFID scanner can alert a clinician that the supplementalcomponent 7175 is fully aligned with the end effector 7130 and afunction with the firing drive assembly 1163 of the surgical instrumentcan be performed. If the RFID scanner does not receive a communicationfrom the RFID tag, the supplemental component 7175 may be misalignedand/or not fully attached to the end effector 7130, for example, whichcan lead to the formation of a non-uniform staple line, for example. Invarious instances, the controller of the surgical instrument preventsthe surgical instrument from performing a function with the firing driveassembly 1163, such as a staple firing stroke, for example. In variousinstances, if the RFID scanner continues to receive communication fromthe RFID tag when the clinician believes the supplemental component 7175is attached to the end effector, the controller is configured to preventthe function with the firing drive assembly 1163 of the surgicalinstrument. The continued communication indicates that the mountingmember 7170 is still attached to the supplemental component 7175. Insuch circumstances, the loss of communication indicates that themounting member 7170 has been removed and/or moved out of communicationdistance from the end effector 7130 and/or the supplemental component7175.

If the mounting member 7170 does not comprise an RFID tag and/or theRFID tag 7172 comprises information that is not compatible with thesurgical instrument, the supplemental component verification system ofthe surgical instrument will be unable to permit the surgical instrumentto perform a function with the firing drive assembly 1163, such as thestaple firing stroke or the jaw closure stroke. If the RFID scanner 7150receives a response to an interrogation signal that is not found withina stored set of compatible supplemental components, the controller ofthe surgical instrument is programmed to communicate an error to theclinician. Likewise, if the RFID scanner 7150 does not receive aresponse to the interrogation signal, the controller of the surgicalinstrument is programmed to communicate an error to the clinician. Invarious instances, the detection of an error by the controller canrender the surgical instrument inoperable for use with that particularsupplemental component. In various instances, a detected error canprevent the surgical instrument from performing a staple firing stroke,jaw closure stroke, and/or tissue cutting stroke. In various instances,the surgical instrument further comprises a manual override that can beactivated to allow a clinician to override any system lockout 7179 andutilize operational functions of the surgical instrument in anemergency. As discussed above, the controller is configured to alert theclinician that an error has been detected by way of an indicator 1209.Such an alert and/or indication 1209 can be communicated through variousforms of feedback, including, for example, haptic, acoustic, and/orvisual feedback. In at least one instance, the feedback comprises audiofeedback, and the surgical instrument can comprise a speaker which emitsa sound, such as a beep, for example, when an error is detected. Incertain instances, the feedback comprises visual feedback and thesurgical instrument can comprise a light emitting diode (LED), forexample, which flashes when an error is detected. In various instances,the feedback comprises haptic feedback and the surgical instrument cancomprise an electric motor 1160 comprising an eccentric element whichvibrates when an error is detected. The alert can be specific orgeneric. For example, the alert can specifically state that the RFID tag7172 on the mounting member 7170 is unable to be detected, or the alertcan specifically state that the RFID tag 7172 comprises informationrepresentative of an incompatible and/or defective supplementalcomponent 7175.

In various instances, the controller can be configured to select and/ormodify various operational parameters based on the identification of thelayer of hemostatic agent 7175 using the information stored on the RFIDtag 7172. Such an identification can include the material the layer ofhemostatic agent 7175 is comprised of and/or the thickness of the layerof hemostatic agent 7175, among other things. After identification ofthe layer of hemostatic agent 7175, the controller is configured topermit the surgical instrument to perform the desired function with thefiring drive assembly 1163 using the modified operational parameters.

For example, FIG. 86 depicts an exemplary process 6400 of the controlcircuit 1210. As discussed above, the control circuit 1210 is configuredto receive 6410 the information stored on the RFID tag 7172corresponding to the supplemental component, such as the layer ofhemostatic agent 7175. Using the received information, the controlcircuit 1210 is configured to identify 6420 a characteristic of thesupplemental component 7175 using the received information. The controlcircuit 1210 is configured to select 6430 one or more appropriateoperating parameters 6430 that correspond to the identifiedcharacteristic of the supplemental component 7175. The control circuit1210 is configured to direct 6440 the firing assembly to perform afunction, such as a staple firing stroke, with the selected operatingparameter(s).

In various instances, and as discussed above, the RFID tag 7172 cancomprise an integrated power source and become activated upon theopening of the packaging 7000. In such instances, the RFID tag 7172 cancontinuously transmit the stored set of information, and the RFID tag7172 does not need to wait for an interrogation signal from the RFIDscanner 7300 to transmit the stored set of information.

FIG. 87 illustrates a portion of a surgical clip applier 7200. Asdiscussed in greater detail herein, the surgical clip applier 7200comprises an end effector 7230. The end effector 7230 comprises a firstjaw 7232 and a second jaw 7234. At least one of the first jaw and thesecond jaw are movable toward one another during a crimping stroke. Thesurgical clip applier 7200 further comprises at least one clip. Invarious instances, the surgical clip applier 7200 is configured toreceive a cartridge comprising a plurality of clips. In other instances,the surgical slip applier 7200 is configured to receive one clip at atime. Each clip is configured to be crimped around patient tissue T oneat a time during the crimping strokes.

The surgical clip applier 7200 is configured to receive a clip cartridgecomprising a first clip 7260 and a second clip 7260′. The first clip7260 comprises a first RFID tag 7262. The first RFID tag 7262 comprisesa chip, such as a microchip, for example, that stores information aboutthe surgical clip applier 7200, the first clip 7260, and/or thecartridge attached to the surgical clip applier 7200. In variousinstances, the set of information stored on the RFID chip comprises datathat identifies the type of clip 7260 and/or clip cartridge attached tothe surgical instrument 7200. As shown in FIG. 87 , the first RFID tag7262 is mounted to an outer surface of the first clip 7260. The firstRFID tag 7262 is positioned on the outer surface of the first clip 7260so that the first RFID tag 7262 is not in contact with patient tissue Twhen the first clip 7260 is crimped. Such placement can minimize damageand/or trauma to the patient tissue T, for example. The first RFID tag7262 is positioned on a portion of the first clip 7260 that is not bentduring the crimping stroke. Such placement avoids damaging the firstRFID tag 7262 during the crimping stroke, for example. That said, thefirst RFID tag 7262 can be embedded within and/or attached to the firstclip 7260 by any suitable method and/or at any suitable location.

The first RFID tag 7262 on the first clip 7260 provides a lockout forthe surgical instrument, such as lockout 7179, for example. The clipapplier will not perform a function with the firing drive assembly 1163,such as the crimping stroke on the first clip 7260, for example, if theinformation stored on the first RFID tag 7262 is not received by acontroller of the surgical instrument. In various instances, thesurgical instrument will not perform the function with the firing driveassembly 1163 when the first RFID tag 7262 is still in communicationwith an RFID scanner 7250 after the crimping stroke has been performedon the first clip 7260. As described in greater detail herein, thecontinued communication between the first RFID tag 7262 and the RFIDscanner 7250 after the crimping stroke has been performed on the firstclip 7260 indicates, among other things, that the clip applier ispositioned too close to the formed first clip 7260. In variousinstances, the clip applier can alert a clinician of the detectedlocation of the clip applier with respect to the formed first clip 7260to prevent the clip applier from applying clips too close together, forexample.

For example, a process 6700 of the control circuit 1210 is depicted inFIG. 88 . The control circuit 1210 is configured to detect 6710 thepresence of a first clip after a crimping stroke is performed on thefirst clip. If the controller, through an RFID scanner, receives 6720 acommunication and/or signal from the first RFID tag supported by thefirst clip, the controller is configured to prevent 6730 the surgicalinstrument 7200 from performing a crimping stroke on a second clip. Ifthe controller, through the RFID scanner, fails to receive 6740 acommunication and/or signal from the first RFID tag supported by thefirst clip, the controller is configured to permit 6750 the surgicalinstrument 7200 to perform the crimping stroke on the second clip.

An additional process 6600 of the control circuit 1210 is depicted inFIG. 89 . The control circuit 1210 is configured to detect the presenceof a first RFID tag supported by a first clip 6610. If the controlcircuit 1210 fails to receive a communication from the first RFID tag6620, through an RFID scanner, the controller is configured to preventthe surgical instrument 7200 from performing a function 6630, such as acrimping stroke, on the first clip. The control circuit 1210 continuesto detect the presence of the first RFID tag 6610 until the controllerreceives a communication from the first RFID tag 6640. Upon receivingthe communication from the first RFID tag 6640, through the RFIDscanner, the control circuit 1210 is configured to permit the surgicalinstrument 7200 to perform a crimping stroke on the first clip. Afterthe crimping stroke is performed on the first clip, if the controllercontinues to receive communication from the first RFID tag 6660, thecontroller is configured to prevent the surgical instrument 7200 fromperforming a crimping stroke on a second clip 6670. After the crimpingstroke is performed on the first clip, if the controller no longerreceives communication from the first RFID tag 6680, the controller isconfigured to permit the surgical instrument 7200 to perform thecrimping stroke on the second clip 6690.

As mentioned in greater detail herein, the surgical clip applier 7200comprises an RFID scanner 7250 configured to communicate with nearbyRFID tags. The RFID scanner 7250 comprises a scanner antenna configuredto transmit radio signals. The radio signals activate RFID tags that arepositioned within a pre-determined range of the RFID scanner 7250. TheRFID scanner 7250 then receives one or more response signals that are“bounced back” from the RFID tag(s). In various instances, the one ormore response signals comprise the same signal as the interrogationsignal. In various instances, the one or more response signals comprisea modified signal from the interrogation signal. In various instances,the RFID scanner 7250 comprises reading and writing capabilities. TheRFID scanner 7250 is then able to pass the collected information fromthe RFID tag to a controller for further interpretation. The controllercan be positioned in the surgical instrument 7200, the remote console,or in any suitable location. The RFID scanner 7250 and/or the controllercan comprise a stored set of compatibility information that correspondsto clip cartridges and/or clips that are compatible with a particularsurgical instrument and/or for use during a particular surgicalprocedure.

More specifically, the surgical system 7200 comprises an RFID scanner7250 configured to interact with the RFID tag 7262 attached to the firstclip 7262. The RFID scanner 7250 can be present in various locations. Inthe depicted embodiment, the RFID scanner 7250 is positioned on thesecond jaw 7234 of the end effector 7230; however, the RFID scanner 7250can be located in an alternative location within the surgical system7200 and/or any other suitable location that would allow forcommunication between the first RFID tag 7262 and the RFID scanner 7250.The RFID scanner 7250 and/or the first RFID tag 7262 are powered suchthat the signal(s) they emit can only be detected within a communicationrange 7252 defined by a limited radius. That said, as the surgical clipapplier 7200 is moved away from the patient tissue T where the firstclip 7260 was applied, the first RFID tag 7262 is unable to communicatewith the RFID scanner 7250. In such circumstances, the RFID tag 7262moves outside of the communication range 7252 of the RFID scanner 7250.The RFID tag 7262 is unable to transmit and/or receive signals from theRFID scanner 7250 when the RFID tag 7262 is positioned outside of thecommunication range 7252.

If the first clip 7260 does not comprise an RFID tag and/or the firstRFID tag 7262 comprises information that is not compatible with thesurgical instrument 7200, the supplemental component verification systemof the surgical instrument 7200 will be unable to permit the surgicalinstrument to perform a function with the firing drive assembly 1163,such as the crimping stroke. If the RFID scanner 7250 receives aresponse to an interrogation signal that is not found within a storedset of compatible supplemental components, the controller of thesurgical instrument is programmed to communicate an error to theclinician. Likewise, if the RFID scanner 7250 does not receive aresponse to the interrogation signal, the controller of the surgicalinstrument is programmed to communicate an error to the clinician. Invarious instances, the detection of an error by the controller canrender the surgical instrument inoperable for use with that particularclip cartridge and/or clip 7260. In various instances, a detected errorcan prevent the surgical instrument from performing a clip applyingand/or crimping stroke. In various instances, the surgical instrumentfurther comprises a manual override that can be activated to allow aclinician to override any system lockout 7179 and utilize operationalfunctions of the surgical instrument in an emergency. As discussedabove, the controller is configured to use an indicator 1209 to alertthe clinician that an error has been detected. Such an alert can becommunicated through various forms of feedback, including, for example,haptic, acoustic, and/or visual feedback. The alert can be specific orgeneric. For example, the alert can specifically state that the firstRFID tag 7262 on the first clip 7260 is unable to be detected, or thealert can specifically state that the first RFID tag 7262 comprisesinformation representative of an incompatible and/or defective clipcartridge and/or clip 7260.

For example, a process 6500 of the control circuit 1210 to determineauthenticity and/or compatibility of the clips and/or the clip cartridgeattached to the surgical instrument 7200 is depicted in FIG. 90 . Ininstances where each clip comprises an RFID tag, the control circuit1210 is configured to detect the presence of the first RFID tagsupported by the first clip 6510 through an RFID scanner. If the RFIDscanner fails to receive a communication from the first RFID tag, theRFID scanner is unable to pass along the communication to the controlcircuit 1210. In such instances, the control circuit 1210 fails toreceive the information stored on the first RFID tag 6520, and thecontrol circuit 1210 prevents the surgical instrument 7200 fromperforming a crimping stroke on the first clip 6530. The failure for theRFID scanner to detect the first RFID tag can arise from variousscenarios such as an inauthentic clip, a defective clip, and/or animproperly aligned clip, among other things. If the RFID scannerreceives a communication from the first RFID tag, the RFID scanner isconfigured to communicate the received information to the controlcircuit 1210. The control circuit 1210 determines if the first clip iscompatible 6550 for use with the surgical instrument 7200 and/or duringthe surgical procedure. If the control circuit 1210 determines that thefirst clip is compatible for use, the control circuit 1210 permits thesurgical instrument 7200 to perform a function 6560, such as a crimpingstroke, on the first clip. If the control circuit 1210 determines thatthe first clip is incompatible for use, the control circuit 1210prevents the surgical instrument 7200 from performing the function 6570.

In various instances, the controller can modify various operationalparameters based on the identification of the clip cartridge and/or clip7260 using the information stored on the first RFID tag 7262. Such anidentification can include the material the first clip 7260 is comprisedof, the number of clips 7260 remaining in the clip cartridge, the sizeof the clips 7260, and/or the thickness of the first clip 7260, amongother things. After identification of the first clip 7260, thecontroller is configured to permit the surgical instrument to performthe desired function with the firing drive assembly 1163 using themodified operational parameters.

As discussed above, the RFID scanner 7250 comprises a communicationrange 7252 that spans a distance D from the RFID scanner 7250. When thefirst RFID tag 7262 on the first clip 7260 is located a distance awayfrom the RFID scanner 7250 that is less than the distance D, the RFIDscanner 7250 is able to transmit signals to and receive signals 7265from the first RFID tag 7262. As discussed above, the surgical clipapplier 7200 depicted in FIG. 87 further comprises the second clip 7260′comprising a second RFID tag 7260′. The second RFID tag 7260′ comprisesan RFID chip and a tag antenna, and the second RFID tag 7260′ is similarin function and structure to the first RFID tag 7260. When the RFIDscanner 7250 receives signals from both the first RFID tag 7260 and thesecond RFID tag 7260′, the controller of the surgical clip applier 7200is configured to alert the clinician. Such an alert can notify theclinician that the surgical clip applier 7200 is about to crimp thesecond clip 7260′ in a location that is too close to the first formedclip 7260, for example. The controller can then prevent the clip applier7200 from performing a crimping stroke on the second clip 7260′ untilthe RFID scanner 7250 is unable to send and/or receive communicationsand/or signals from the first RFID tag 7262 on the first clip 7260.

In various instances, the information stored on the first RFID tag 7262is a first serial number that is specific to the first clip 7260 and theinformation stored on the second RFID tag 7262′ is a second serialnumber that is specific to the second clip 7260′. Based on theinformation received by the RFID scanner 7250, the controller is able tomonitor each individual clip 7260, 7260′ for compatibility with thesurgical clip applier 7200 and/or authenticity, for example. In variousinstances, the controller is further able to maintain a count of thenumber of clips remaining in the loaded clip cartridge. In suchinstances, the controller is configured to alert the clinician of thenumber of clips remaining in the clip cartridge so that the cliniciancan prepare a new clip cartridge for attachment to the clip applier7200.

For example, a process 6800 of the control circuit 1210 is depicted inFIG. 91 . The control circuit 1210 is configured to identify acharacteristic of a clip cartridge 6810 attached to the surgicalinstrument 7200. Using the identified characteristic, the controlcircuit 1210 is configured to determine a number 6820 of clips storedand/or remaining in the clip cartridge. The control circuit 1210 isconfigured to update the count of the number of clips 6830 stored and/orremaining in the clip cartridge after each crimping stroke. The controlcircuit 1210 is further configured to alert a clinician 6840 when apre-determined number of clips remain in the clip cartridge. Forexample, the clinician can be alerted when only one clip remains in theclip cartridge. In various instances, the clinician can be continuouslyalerted of the clip count.

In various instances, individual surgical clip appliers, such as theclip appliers 6200 and 7200, are configured to be interchangeably usedwith various configurations of clips and/or clip cartridges. Forexample, clips can comprise different dimensions, different strengths,different harnesses, and/or different material compositions.Furthermore, the end effector 6230 can be removably attached to theelongate shaft 6220 to allow different end effector configurations to beattached to the clip applier 6200. Such modularity requires thecontroller of the clip applier to implement different operationalparameters for each type of attached clip, attached clip cartridge,and/or attached end effector.

The surgical clip applier 7200 further comprises an electric motor 1160and a driver 1161 configured to control the operation of the motor 1160including the flow of electrical energy from a power source. Thecontroller varies and/or modifies parameters of the electric motor 1160through a motor control program. The motor control program is configuredto determine the appropriate operational parameters based on theinformation received by the RFID scanner. The motor control program cancompare the information received from the RFID tag to a look-up tableand/or database stored within a memory, such as the memory 1212. Such alook-up table and/or database can comprise recommended operationalparameters for the motor control program to implement based on thedetected attached components. Operational parameters that can beadjusted based on the identification of the identified replaceablecomponents comprise the overall motor rate, the loading force applied toa clip by the jaws of the end effector during a crimping stroke, theduration of the crimping stroke, the rate of crimping, and/or theduration the jaws of the end effector are held in a closed configurationupon completion of the crimping stroke, for example. Such operationalparameters should be changed based on the attached clip to ensure properclip closing without severing patient tissue, for example.

In various instances, the motor control program is configured to set amaximum load threshold based on the information received from the RFIDtag positioned on the attached clip and/or clip cartridge. In suchinstances, the motor control program prevents the clip applier 7200 fromperforming a crimping stroke by blocking the power source's ability tosupply power to the electric motor 1160 when the maximum load thresholdis exceeded. In various instances, the motor control program isconfigured to prevent the clip applier 7200 from performing functions1163 when other thresholds are exceeded, such as handling loads and/orelongate shaft twist loads, among others. The motor control program canimplement prevent the power source from providing power to the electricmotor 1160 after the crimping stroke is completed but before the jaws ofthe end effector are opened. Such a pause in suppling power to the motor1160 allows the jaws to hold the crimped clip in place for apredetermined amount of time. In various instances, the clip applier7200 comprises a locking member that holds the jaw in the closedconfiguration when power is no longer being supplied to the motor 1160.Such a locking member prevents the jaws from returning to the openconfiguration when power is no longer being supplied to the motor 1160.In various instances, the motor control program is configured to causethe power source to supply a minimum amount of power to the motor 1160after the crimping stroke is completed, wherein the minimum amount ofpower is sufficient to keep the jaws in the closed configuration.

The ability for the end effector 7230 to be interchangeably attached tothe elongate shaft of the clip applier 7200 requires the instrumentcontroller to vary and/or otherwise adjust the length an advancingmember must be translated to separate an individual clip from the clipsstored within a clip cartridge to a crimping position, for example. Thecontroller is configured to account for the differences in distancebetween the first jaw and the second jaw of the modular end effector7330 to appropriately crimp the clips. The operational parameters shouldalso be modified based on the attached clip to compensate for the springback and/or other responses of the clip based on the materialcomposition of the clip and the patient tissue, for example. The abilityfor the controller of the clip applier 7200 to determine theidentification of the clip material and/or size, the clip cartridge sideand configuration, and/or the end effector configuration and/orcapabilities allows the control system to appropriately adapt by settingmaximum threshold limits and/or the rates and/or speeds of performing acrimping stroke, among other things.

FIG. 92 illustrates a portion of a surgical suturing device 7300. Asdiscussed in greater detail herein, the surgical suturing device 7300comprises an end effector 7330. The end effector 7330 comprises a needletrack 7335 configured to guide a replaceable needle 7360. Thereplaceable needle 7360 comprises a first end 7364 comprising a pointedtip configured to pierce through patient tissue. The replaceable needle7360 comprises a second end 7366, wherein the second end 7366 comprisessuturing material 7365 attached thereto. The replaceable needle 7360 isguided by the needle track 7335 and actuated by a firing drive through afiring stroke.

As discussed above, the needle track 7335 of the end effector 7330 isconfigured to receive a replaceable needle 7360. The replaceable needle7360 comprises an RFID tag 7362. The RFID tag 7362 comprises a chip,such as a microchip, for example, that stores information about thesurgical suturing device 7300, the replaceable needle 7360, and/or thesuturing material 7365 attached to the replaceable needle 7360. Invarious instances, the set of information stored on the RFID chipcomprises data that identifies the size of the needle 7360 positioned inthe needle track 7335, the material the needle 7360 is comprised of,and/or the material the suturing material 7365 is comprised of. As shownin FIG. 92 , the RFID tag 7362 is molded within the replaceable needle7362. The RFID tag 7362 is molded within the replaceable needle 7362 toallow the needle 7362 to travel through the needle track 7335uninterrupted, for example. Furthermore, the RFID tag 7362 is moldedwithin the replaceable needle 7362 to allow the needle 7362 to travelthrough the patient tissue T in a smooth path. In other words, the RFIDtag 7362 does not get stuck during the firing stroke and/or require anadditional force to fire the replaceable needle through the patienttissue and/or the needle track 7335 during the firing stroke. That said,the RFID tag 7362 can be embedded within and/or attached to thereplaceable needle 7360 by any suitable method and/or at any suitablelocation.

The RFID tag 7362 on the replaceable needle 7360 provides a lockout 7179for the surgical instrument 7300. The suturing device 7300 will notperform a function with the firing drive assembly 1163, such as theneedle firing stroke, for example, if the information stored on the RFIDtag 7362 is not received by a controller of the surgical instrument. Asmentioned in greater detail herein, the surgical suturing device 7300comprises an RFID scanner 7350 configured to communicate with nearbyRFID tags. The RFID scanner 7350 comprises a scanner antenna configuredto transmit radio signals. The radio signals activate RFID tags that arepositioned within a pre-determined range of the RFID scanner 7350. TheRFID scanner 7350 then receives one or more response signals that are“bounced back” from the RFID tag(s). In various instances, the one ormore response signals comprise the same signal as the interrogationsignal. In various instances, the one or more response signals comprisea modified signal from the interrogation signal. In various instances,the RFID scanner 7350 comprises reading and writing capabilities. TheRFID scanner 7350 is then able to pass the collected information fromthe RFID tag to a controller for further interpretation. The controllercan be positioned in the surgical instrument 7300, the remote console,or in any suitable location. The RFID scanner 7350 and/or the controllercan comprise a stored set of compatibility information that correspondsto replaceable needles and/or suturing materials that are compatiblewith a particular surgical instrument and/or for use during a particularsurgical procedure.

More specifically, the surgical system 7300 comprises an RFID scanner7350 configured to interact with the RFID tag 7362 attached to thereplaceable needle 7360. The RFID scanner 7350 can be present in variouslocations. In the depicted embodiment, the RFID scanner 7350 ispositioned on a distal end of the of the end effector 7330. Morespecifically, the RFID scanner 7350 is positioned at a first end of theneedle track 7335 adjacent the second end 7366 of the replaceable needle7360 when the replaceable needle 7360 is appropriately positioned in theneedle track 7335; however, the RFID scanner 7350 can be located in analternative location within the surgical system 7300 and/or any othersuitable location that would allow for communication between the RFIDtag 7362 and the RFID scanner 7350. The RFID scanner 7350 and/or theRFID tag 7362 are powered such that the signal(s) they emit can only bedetected within a limited radius.

If the replaceable needle 7360 does not comprise an RFID tag and/or theRFID tag 7362 comprises information that is not compatible with thesurgical instrument 7300, the supplemental component verification systemand/or the controller of the surgical instrument 7300 will be preventthe surgical instrument from performing a function with the firing driveassembly 1163, such as the firing stroke. If the RFID scanner 7350receives a response to an interrogation signal that is not found withina stored set of compatible supplemental components, the controller ofthe surgical instrument is programmed to communicate an error to theclinician. Likewise, if the RFID scanner 7350 does not receive aresponse to the interrogation signal, the controller of the surgicalinstrument is programmed to communicate an error to the clinician. Invarious instances, the detection of an error by the controller canrender the surgical instrument inoperable for use with that particularreplaceable needle 7360. In various instances, a detected error canprevent the surgical instrument from performing a firing stroke. Invarious instances, the surgical instrument further comprises a manualoverride that can be activated to allow a clinician to override anysystem lockout 7179 and utilize operational functions of the surgicalinstrument in an emergency. As discussed above, the controller isconfigured to alert the clinician that an error has been detectedthrough an indicator 1209. Such an alert can be communicated throughvarious forms of feedback, including, for example, haptic, acoustic,and/or visual feedback. The alert can be specific or generic. Forexample, the alert can specifically state that the RFID tag 7362 on thereplaceable needle 7360 is unable to be detected, or the alert canspecifically state that the RFID tag 7362 comprises informationrepresentative of an incompatible and/or defective needle 7360 and/orsuturing material 7365.

In various instances, the controller can modify various operationalparameters based on the identification of the replaceable needle 7360and/or the suturing material 7365 using the information stored on theRFID tag 7362. Such an identification can include the material theneedle 7360 and/or the suturing material 7365 is comprised of, thelength of the suturing material 7365, and/or the thickness of thereplaceable needle 7360 and/or the suturing material 7365, among otherthings. After identification of a characteristic of the replaceableneedle 7360, the controller is configured to permit the surgicalinstrument to perform the desired function with the firing driveassembly 1163 using the modified operational parameters.

The embodiments disclosed herein are configured for use with surgicalclip appliers and systems such as those disclosed in U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 14/200,111, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,629,629, entitledCONTROL SYSTEMS FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, which is incorporated in itsentirety herein. FIGS. 93 and 94 depict a motor-driven surgical cuttingand fastening instrument 12310. This illustrated embodiment depicts anendoscopic instrument and, in general, the instrument 12310 is describedherein as an endoscopic surgical cutting and fastening instrument;however, it should be noted that the invention is not so limited andthat, according to other embodiments, any instrument disclosed hereinmay comprise a non-endoscopic surgical cutting and fastening instrument.The surgical instrument 12310 depicted in FIGS. 93 and 94 comprises ahandle 12306, a shaft 12308, and an end effector 12312 connected to theshaft 12308. In various embodiments, the end effector 12312 can bearticulated relative to the shaft 12308 about an articulation joint12314. Various means for articulating the end effector 12312 and/ormeans for permitting the end effector 12312 to articulate relative tothe shaft 12308 are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,753,245, entitledSURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS, which issued on Jul. 13, 2010, and U.S.Pat. No. 7,670,334, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT HAVING AN ARTICULATINGEND EFFECTOR, which issued on Mar. 2, 2010, the entire disclosures ofwhich are incorporated by reference herein. Various other means forarticulating the end effector 12312 are discussed in greater detailbelow. Similar to the above, the end effector 12312 is configured to actas a surgical stapler for clamping, severing, and/or stapling tissue,although, in other embodiments, different types of end effectors may beused, such as end effectors for other types of surgical devices,graspers, cutters, staplers, clip appliers, access devices, drug/genetherapy devices, ultrasound, RF and/or laser devices, etc. Several RFdevices may be found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,403,312, entitledELECTROSURGICAL HEMOSTATIC DEVICE, which issued on Apr. 4, 1995, andU.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/031,573, entitled SURGICAL CUTTINGAND FASTENING INSTRUMENT HAVING RF ELECTRODES, filed Feb. 14, 2008, theentire disclosures of which are incorporated by reference in theirentireties.

The end effector 12312 can include, among other things, a staple channel12322 and a pivotally translatable clamping member, such as an anvil12324, for example. The handle 12306 of the instrument 12310 may includea closure trigger 12318 and a firing trigger 12320 for actuating the endeffector 12312. It will be appreciated that instruments having endeffectors directed to different surgical tasks may have differentnumbers or types of triggers or other suitable controls for operatingthe end effector 12312. The handle 12306 can include a downwardlyextending pistol grip 12326 toward which the closure trigger 12318 ispivotally drawn by the clinician to cause clamping or closing of theanvil 12324 toward the staple channel 12322 of the end effector 12312 tothereby clamp tissue positioned between the anvil 12324 and channel12322. In other embodiments, different types of clamping members inaddition to or lieu of the anvil 12324 could be used. The handle 12306can further include a lock which can be configured to releasably holdthe closure trigger 12318 in its closed position. More details regardingembodiments of an exemplary closure system for closing (or clamping) theanvil 12324 of the end effector 12312 by retracting the closure trigger12318 are provided in U.S. Pat. No. 7,000,818, entitled SURGICALSTAPLING INSTRUMENT HAVING SEPARATE DISTINCT CLOSING AND FIRING SYSTEMS,which issued on Feb. 21, 2006, U.S. Pat. No. 7,422,139, entitledMOTOR-DRIVEN SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING INSTRUMENT WITH TACTILEPOSITION FEEDBACK, which issued on Sep. 9, 2008, and U.S. Pat. No.7,464,849, entitled ELECTRO-MECHANICAL SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH CLOSURESYSTEM AND ANVIL ALIGNMENT COMPONENTS, which issued on Dec. 16, 2008,the entire disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein.

Once the clinician is satisfied with the positioning of the end effector12312, the clinician may draw back the closure trigger 12318 to itsfully closed, locked position proximate to the pistol grip 12326. Thefiring trigger 12320 may then be actuated, or fired. In at least onesuch embodiment, the firing trigger 12320 can be farther outboard of theclosure trigger 12318 wherein the closure of the closure trigger 12318can move, or rotate, the firing trigger 12320 toward the pistol grip12326 so that the firing trigger 12320 can be reached by the operatorusing one hand. Thereafter, the operator may pivotally draw the firingtrigger 12320 toward the pistol grip 12312 to cause the stapling andsevering of clamped tissue in the end effector 12312. Thereafter, thefiring trigger 12320 can be returned to its unactuated, or unfired,position after the clinician relaxes or releases the force being appliedto the firing trigger 12320. A release button on the handle 12306, whendepressed, may release the locked closure trigger 12318. The releasebutton may be implemented in various forms such as, for example, thosedisclosed in published U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2007/0175955, entitled SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING INSTRUMENT WITHCLOSURE TRIGGER LOCKING MECHANISM, which was filed on Jan. 31, 2006, theentire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in itsentirety.

Further to the above, the end effector 12312 may include a cuttinginstrument, such as knife, for example, for cutting tissue clamped inthe end effector 12312 when the firing trigger 12320 is retracted by auser. Also further to the above, the end effector 12312 may alsocomprise means for fastening the tissue severed by the cuttinginstrument, such as staples, RF electrodes, and/or adhesives, forexample. A longitudinally movable drive shaft located within the shaft12308 of the instrument 12310 may drive/actuate the cutting instrumentand the fastening means in the end effector 12312. An electric motor,located in the handle 12306 of the instrument 12310 may be used to drivethe drive shaft, as described further herein. In various embodiments,the motor may be a DC brushed driving motor having a maximum rotationof, approximately, 25,000 RPM, for example. In other embodiments, themotor may include a brushless motor, a cordless motor, a synchronousmotor, a stepper motor, or any other suitable electric motor. A battery(or “power source” or “power pack”), such as a Li ion battery, forexample, may be provided in the pistol grip portion 12326 of the handle12306 adjacent to the motor wherein the battery can supply electricpower to the motor via a motor control circuit. According to variousembodiments, a number of battery cells connected in series may be usedas the power source to power the motor. In addition, the power sourcemay be replaceable and/or rechargeable.

As outlined above, the electric motor in the handle 12306 of theinstrument 12310 can be operably engaged with the longitudinally-movabledrive member positioned within the shaft 12308. Referring now to FIGS.95-97 , an electric motor 12342 can be mounted to and positioned withinthe pistol grip portion 12326 of the handle 12306. The electric motor12342 can include a rotatable shaft operably coupled with a gear reducerassembly 12370 wherein the gear reducer assembly 12370 can include,among other things, a housing 12374 and an output pinion gear 12372. Incertain embodiments, the output pinion gear 12372 can be directlyoperably engaged with a longitudinally-movable drive member 12382 or,alternatively, operably engaged with the drive member 12382 via one ormore intermediate gears 12386. The intermediate gear 12386, in at leastone such embodiment, can be meshingly engaged with a set, or rack, ofdrive teeth 12384 defined in the drive member 12382. In use, theelectric motor 12342 can be drive the drive member distally, indicatedby an arrow D (FIG. 90 ), and/or proximally, indicated by an arrow D(FIG. 91 ), depending on the direction in which the electric motor 12342rotates the intermediate gear 12386. In use, a voltage polarity providedby the battery can operate the electric motor 12342 in a clockwisedirection wherein the voltage polarity applied to the electric motor bythe battery can be reversed in order to operate the electric motor 12342in a counter-clockwise direction. The handle 12306 can include a switchwhich can be configured to reverse the polarity applied to the electricmotor 12342 by the battery. The handle 12306 can also include a sensor12330 configured to detect the position of the drive member 12382 and/orthe direction in which the drive member 12382 is being moved.

The embodiments disclosed herein are configured for use with surgicalclip appliers and systems such as those disclosed in U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 16/112,237, filed on Aug. 24, 2018, now U.S. Pat.No. 11,026,713, entitled SURGICAL CLIP APPLIER CONFIGURED TO STORE CLIPSIN A STORED STATE, which is incorporated in its entirety herein.Referring to FIG. 98 , a surgical instrument, such as a clip applier13100, for example, can be configured to apply one or more clips totissue located within a surgical site in the patient. Generally,referring now to FIG. 106 , the clip applier 13100 can be structured andarranged to position a clip 13140 relative to the tissue in order tocompress the tissue within the clip 13140. The clip applier 13100 can beconfigured to deform the clip 13140 as illustrated in FIGS. 100 and 101, for example, and as described in greater detail further below. Eachclip 13140 can comprise a base 13142 and opposing legs 13144 extendingfrom the base 13142. The base 13142 and the legs 13144 can comprise anysuitable shape and can define a substantially U-shaped configurationand/or a substantially V-shaped configuration, for example. The base13142 can comprise angled portions 13141 which are connected together bya joint 13143. In use, the legs 13144 of the clip 13140 can bepositioned on opposite sides of the tissue wherein the legs 13144 can bepushed toward one another to compress the tissue positioned between thelegs 13144. The joint 13143 can be configured to permit the angledportions 13141 of the base 13142, and the legs 13144 extendingtherefrom, to deform inwardly. In various circumstances, the clip 13140can be configured to yield, or deform plastically, when the clip 13140is sufficiently compressed, although some amount of elastic deformation,or spring-back, may occur within the deformed clip 13140.

Referring now to FIGS. 98 and 99 , the clip applier 13100 can include ashaft 13110, an end effector 13120, and a replaceable clip cartridge, ormagazine, 13130. Referring to FIGS. 107-109 , the clip cartridge 13130can comprise a housing 13132 and a plurality of clips 13140 positionedwithin the housing 13132. The housing 13132 can define a storage chamber13134 in which the clips 13140 can be stacked. The storage chamber 13134can comprise sidewalls which extend around, or at least substantiallyaround, the perimeter of the clips 13140. Referring again to FIG. 106 ,each clip 13140 can comprise opposing faces, such as a top face 13145and a bottom face 13146 on opposite sides of the clip 13140 wherein,when the clips 13140 are stacked in the housing 13132, the top face13145 of a clip 13140 can be positioned against the bottom face 13146 ofan adjacent clip 13140 and wherein the bottom face 13146 of the clip13140 can be positioned against the top face 13145 of another adjacentclip 13140. In various circumstances, the bottom faces 13146 of theclips 13140 can face downwardly toward one or more support shelves, orplatforms, 13135 defined in the housing 13132 while the top faces 13145of the clips 13140 can face upwardly away from the support shelves13135. The top faces 13145 and the bottom faces 13146 of the clips 13140may be identical, or at least substantially identical, in some cases,while, in other cases, the top faces 13145 and the bottom faces 13146may be different. The stack of clips 13140 depicted in FIGS. 107-109comprises five clips 13140, for example; however, other embodiments areenvisioned in which the stack of clips 13140 can include more than fiveclips 13140 or less than five clips 13140. In any event, the clipcartridge 13130 can further comprise at least one biasing member, suchas biasing member 13136, for example, positioned intermediate thehousing 13132 and the top clip 13140 in the stack of clips 13140. Asdescribed in greater detail below, the biasing member 13136 can beconfigured to bias the bottom clip 13140 in the stack of clips 13140 or,more particularly, the bottom face 13146 of the bottom clip 13140,against the support shelves 13135 defined in the housing 13132. Thebiasing member 13136 can comprise a spring, and/or any suitablecompressed elastic element, for example, which can be configured toapply a biasing force to the clips 13140, or at least apply a biasingforce to the top clip 13140 which is transmitted downwardly through thestack of clips 13140.

When a clip 13140 is positioned against the support shelves 13135 asdescribed above, the clip 13140 can be supported in a firing position inwhich the clip 13140 can be advanced and ejected from the cartridge13130. In various circumstances, the support shelves 13135 can define atleast a portion of a firing chamber 13149 in which the clips 13140 canbe sequentially positioned in the firing position. In some cases, thefiring chamber 13149 can be entirely defined within the cartridge 13130or, in other cases, the firing chamber 13149 can be defined withinand/or between the shaft 13110 and the cartridge 13130. In any event, asdescribed in greater detail further below, the clip applier 13100 cancomprise a firing drive which can advance a firing member into thecartridge 13130 and push the clip 13140 from its firing positionpositioned against the support shelves 13135 to a fired position inwhich it is received within the end effector 13120 of the clip applier13100. Referring primarily to FIGS. 107-109 , the housing 13132 of thecartridge 13130 can comprise a proximal opening, or window, 13133 whichcan be aligned, or at least substantially aligned, with the supportshelves 13135 such that the firing member can enter into the cartridge13130 through the proximal opening 13133 and advance a clip 13140distally out of the cartridge 13130. In at least one such embodiment,the housing 13132 can further comprise a distal, or discharge, opening,or window, 13137 which is also aligned with the support shelves 13135such that the clip 13140 can be advanced, or fired, distally along afiring axis 13139 extending through the proximal opening 13133, thefiring chamber 13149, and the distal opening 13137, for example.

In order to advance a clip 13140 out of the cartridge 13130, further tothe above, the firing member of the firing drive can be advanced into tothe cartridge housing 13132 and, in various circumstances, into thefiring chamber 13149. As disclosed in greater detail further below, thefiring member can pass entirely through the cartridge 13130 in order toadvance the clip 13140 into its fired position within the end effector13120. After the clip 13140 positioned in the firing chamber 13149 hasbeen advanced distally by the firing member, as outlined above, thefiring member can be retracted sufficiently such that the biasing member13136 can position another clip 13140 against the support shelves 13135.In various circumstances, the biasing member 13136 can bias a clip 13140against the firing member while the firing member is positioned withinthe housing 13132. Such a clip 13140 can be referred to as a queuedclip. After the firing member has been sufficiently retracted and slidout from underneath the queued clip 13140, the biasing member 13136 canthen bias the clip 13140 against the support shelves 13135 where it isstaged for the next stroke of the reciprocating firing member. Referringprimarily to FIGS. 109 and 107-109 , the cartridge 13130 can beconfigured to supply the clips 13140 to the firing chamber 13149 along apredetermined path, such as supply axis 13138, for example. The supplyaxis 13138 can be transverse to the firing axis 13139 such that theclips 13140 are fed into the firing chamber 13149 in a direction whichis different than the direction in which the firing member passesthrough the firing chamber 13149. In at least one such embodiment, thesupply axis 13138 can be perpendicular, or at least substantiallyperpendicular, to the firing axis 13139, for example.

Referring again to FIG. 109 , the shaft 13110 can comprise a cartridge,or magazine, aperture 13131 which can be sized and configured to receivea clip cartridge 13130, for example, therein. The cartridge aperture13131 can be sized and configured such that the housing 13132 of thecartridge 13130 is closely received within the cartridge aperture 13131.The sidewalls which define the cartridge aperture 13131 can limit, or atleast substantially limit, the lateral movement of the cartridge 13130relative to the shaft 13110. The shaft 13110 and/or the cartridge 13130can further comprise one or more locks which can be configured toreleasably hold the cartridge 13130 in the cartridge aperture 13131. Asillustrated in FIG. 99 , the cartridge 13130 can be loaded into thecartridge aperture 13131 along an axis which is, in at least oneembodiment, parallel to or collinear with the supply axis 13138. As alsoillustrated in FIG. 99 , the shaft 13110 can further comprise a pad orseat 13118 extending from the sidewall 13111 of the shaft 13110 whereinthe pad 13118 can be configured to be received within and/or engagedwith the housing 13132 of the cartridge 13130. The pad 13118 can besized and configured to be closely received within a recess 13148defined in the cartridge housing such that the pad 13118 can limit, orat least substantially limit, the lateral movement of the cartridge13130 relative to the shaft 13110. The pad 13118 can be sized andconfigured to align the cartridge 13130 within the shaft 13110 and/orsupport the cartridge housing 13132.

Once the clip cartridge 13130 has been positioned and seated within theshaft aperture 13131, referring now to FIGS. 102 and 103 , a firingdrive 13160 of the clip applier 13100 can be actuated to advance theclips 13140 from the clip cartridge 13130 as described above. The firingdrive 13160 can comprise a rotary drive input such as a drive screw13161, for example, and a displaceable firing nut 13163 operably engagedwith the drive screw 13161. The drive screw 13161 can comprise at leastone drive thread 13162 which can be threadably engaged with a threadedaperture extending through the firing nut 13163. In various embodiments,the clip applier 13100 can further include an electric motor, forexample, operably coupled with the drive screw 13161. In variousinstances, the drive screw 13161 can be operably coupled with the motorof a surgical instrument system comprising a hand-held instrument or arobotic arm, for example. In any event, the movement of the firing nut13163 within the shaft 13110 can be constrained such that the firing nut13163 moves along a longitudinal axis 13164 when the drive screw 13161is rotated about the longitudinal axis 13164 by the motor. For instance,when the drive screw 13161 is rotated in a first direction by the motor,the drive screw 13161 can advance the firing nut 13163 distally towardthe end effector 13120, as illustrated in FIG. 103 . When the drivescrew 13161 is rotated in a direction opposite the first direction bythe motor, the drive screw 13161 can retract the firing nut 13163proximally away from the end effector 13120. The shaft 13110 cancomprise one or more bearings which can be configured to rotatablysupport the drive screw 13161. For instance, a bearing 13159 can beconfigured to rotatably support the distal end of the drive screw 13161,for example, as illustrated in FIGS. 21 and 22 .

The firing drive 13160 can further comprise a firing member 13165extending from the firing nut 13163 which can be advanced distally andretracted proximally with the firing nut 13163, as described in greaterdetail further below. Upon comparing FIGS. 102 and 103 , the reader willnote that the firing nut 13163 and the firing member 13165 have beenadvanced from a proximal, unfired position, illustrated in FIG. 102 , toa distal, fired position, illustrated in FIG. 103 , in which the firingmember 13165 has advanced a clip 13140 from the clip cartridge 13130into the end effector 13120. Referring primarily to FIG. 102 , the clipcartridge 13130 is illustrated as comprising a plurality of clips 13140stored therein wherein one of the clips 13140 is positioned in a firingposition, as described above. As illustrated in FIGS. 102 and 103 , thefiring member 13165 can include a distal portion 13166 which can beadvanced into the staple cartridge 13130 along a firing axis 13167 andengage the clip 13140 positioned in the firing position when the firingmember 13165 and the firing nut 13163 are advanced distally. In somecases, the firing member 13165 can comprise a linear member while, inother cases, the distal end 13166 of the firing member 13165 can extendupwardly from the firing member 13165, for example. Further to theabove, the firing member 13165 can advance the clip 13140 distally outof the clip cartridge 13130 along the firing axis 13167 and into areceiving cavity 13122 defined in the end effector 13120.

In various cases, the firing member 13165 can be attached to and extenddistally from the firing nut 13163 while, in other cases, the firingmember 13165 and the firing nut 13163 can be operably connected to oneanother by a firing actuator 13168. The firing actuator 13168 can bepivotably mounted to the firing member 13165 at a pivot 13169 and caninclude a distal arm 13170 a and a proximal arm 13170 b which can beengaged with a longitudinal slot 13113 defined in the housing 13112 ofthe shaft 13110. In at least one such embodiment, each of the arms 13170a, 13170 b can include a projection, such as projections 13171 a and13171 b, respectively, extending therefrom which can be configured toslide within the longitudinal slot 13113. Further to the above, thefiring nut 13163 can further include a firing pin 13172 extendingtherefrom which can be configured to engage the distal arm 13170 a inorder to advance the actuator 13168 and the firing member 13165distally, as described above. In use, referring again to the progressionillustrated in FIGS. 102 and 103 , the firing nut 13163 can be advanceddistally by the drive screw 13161 wherein the firing pin 13172, which ispositioned intermediate the distal arm 13170 a and the proximal arm13170 b, can contact the distal arm 13170 a and drive the actuator 13168and the firing member 13165 distally. As the actuator 13168 is advanceddistally, the actuator 13168 may be prevented from rotating about thepivot pin 13169 as one or both of the projections 13171 a and 13171 bsliding in the shaft slot 13113 can be prevented from being movedlaterally relative to the longitudinal shaft slot 13113 until theactuator 13168 reaches the position illustrated in FIG. 103 .

Once a clip 13140 has been positioned within the receiving cavity 13122,further to the above, the clip 13140 can be deformed by a crimping drive13180, for example. Referring now to FIGS. 100 and 101 , the endeffector 13120 of the clip applier 13100 can further comprise a firstjaw 13123 a and a second jaw 13123 b wherein the first jaw 13123 a andthe second jaw 13123 b can at least partially define the receivingchamber 13122. As illustrated in FIGS. 100 and 101 , the first jaw 13123a can comprise a first channel 13124 a and the second jaw 13123 b cancomprise a second channel 13124 b which can each be configured toreceive and support at least a portion of a clip 13140 therein. Thefirst jaw 13123 a can be pivotably coupled to a frame 13111 of the shaft13110 by a pin 13125 a and the second jaw 13123 b can be pivotablycoupled to the frame 13111 by a pin 13125 b. In use, the crimping drive13180 can be configured to rotate the first jaw 13123 a toward thesecond jaw 13123 b and/or rotate the second jaw 13123 b toward the firstjaw 13123 a in order to compress the clip 13140 positioned therebetween.In at least one such embodiment, the crimping drive 13180 can comprise acam actuator 13181 which can be configured to engage a first cam surface13126 a defined on the first jaw 13123 a and a second cam surface 13126b on the second jaw 13123 b in order to pivot the first jaw 13123 a andthe second jaw 13123 b toward one another. The cam actuator 13181 cancomprise a collar which at least partially surrounds the first jaw 13123a and the second jaw 13123 b. In at least one such embodiment, thecollar can comprise an inner cam surface 13182 which can be contoured tocontact the cam surfaces 13126 a, 13126 b of the jaws 13123 a, 13123 band drive them inwardly toward one another. In various circumstances,the clip 13140 positioned within the receiving chamber 13122 defined inthe end effector 13120 can be positioned relative to tissue before thecrimping drive 13180 is actuated. In some circumstances, the crimpingdrive 13180 can be at least partially actuated prior to positioning theclip 13140 relative to the tissue in order to at least partiallycompress the clip 13140. In certain instances, the clip 13140 and thereceiving chamber 13122 can be sized and configured such that the clip13140 can be biased or flexed inwardly when the end effector 13120 is inits unactuated state, as illustrated in FIG. 100 . In various instances,the crimping first jaw 13123 a and the second jaw 13123 b can beactuated to elastically crimp and/or permanently crimp the clip 13140positioned therebetween.

Further to the above, the firing nut 13163 can be configured to actuatethe crimping drive 13180. More particularly, referring now to FIG. 104 ,the crimping drive 13180 can comprise a crimping actuator 13188 operablycoupled with the cam actuator 13181 wherein the crimping actuator 13188can be selectively engaged by the firing nut 13163 as the firing nut13163 is advanced distally as described above. In at least one suchembodiment, the firing nut 13163 can further comprise a second firingpin, such as firing pin 13184, for example, extending therefrom whichcan be configured to engage the crimping actuator 13188 as the firingnut 13163 is advancing the firing actuator 13168. Referring again toFIG. 104 , the crimping actuator 13188 is positioned in an unactuatedposition and, when the firing nut 13163 is advanced sufficiently toengage a distal arm 13190 a of the crimping actuator 13188, the firingnut 13163 can rotate the crimping actuator 13188 upwardly into anactuated position as illustrated in FIG. 105 . As also illustrated inFIG. 105 , the distal arm 13190 a and a proximal arm 13190 b can eachcomprise a projection, such as projections 13191 a and 13191 b,respectively, extending therefrom which can be positioned within asecond longitudinal slot defined in shaft 13110, such as slot 13115, forexample. As the crimping actuator 13188 is rotated upwardly from itsunactuated position about a pivot 13189, the projections 13191 a and13191 b can move from the proximal curved end 13116 of the longitudinalslot 13115 into a portion of the longitudinal slot 13115 which issubstantially linear. Similar to the above, the sidewalls of thelongitudinal slot 13115 can be configured to confine the movement of thecrimping actuator 13188 along a longitudinal path and can be configuredto limit or prevent the rotation of the crimping actuator 13188 once thecrimping actuator 13188 has been rotated upwardly into an at leastpartially actuated position, as discussed above. As the reader willunderstand, the firing pin 13172 of the firing drive 13160 and thefiring pin 13184 of the crimping drive 13180 both extend from the firingnut 13163. For the sake of expediency and demonstration, the firing pins13172 and 13184 are illustrated as extending from the same side of thefiring nut 13163; however, it is envisioned that the firing pin 13172can extend from a first lateral side of the firing nut 13163 while thefiring pin 13184 can extend from the other lateral side of the firingnut 13163. In such circumstances, the firing actuator 13168 can bepositioned alongside the first lateral side of the drive screw 13161 andthe crimping actuator 13188 can be positioned alongside the oppositelateral side of the drive screw 13161. Correspondingly, the longitudinalslot 13113 can be defined in a first lateral side of the shaft housing13112 while the longitudinal slot 13115 can be defined in the oppositelateral side of the shaft housing 13112.

Further to the above, the cam actuator 13181 can be operably coupledwith crimping actuator 13188 such that, when the crimping actuator 13188is advanced distally by the firing nut 13163, the cam actuator 13181 canbe advanced distally, as illustrated in FIG. 105 , until the distalprojection 13191 a extending from the distal arm 13190 a reaches thedistal end 13117 of the longitudinal slot 13115. In such a distalposition, the cam actuator 13181 may be in a fully advanced position andthe clip 13140 positioned within the receiving chamber 13122 can be in afully deformed or crimped configuration. Thereafter, the cam actuator13181 can be retracted and the end effector 13120 can be reopened. Moreparticularly, the drive screw 13161 can be rotated in an oppositedirection in order to move the firing nut 13163 proximally and retractthe cam actuator 13181 wherein, in certain instances, the end effector13120 can further include a biasing member which can be configured tobias the first jaw 13123 and the second jaw 13123 b from the closed, orfired, position illustrated in FIG. 101 into the open, or unfired,position illustrated in FIG. 100 .

The embodiments disclosed herein are configured for use with surgicalsuturing instruments and systems such as those disclosed in U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 16/112,168, filed on Aug. 24, 2018, now U.S. PatentApplication Publication No. 2019/0125336, entitled SURGICAL SUTURINGINSTRUMENT COMPRISING A NON-CIRCULAR NEEDLE, U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 13/832,786, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,398,905, entitled CIRCULARNEEDLE APPLIER WITH OFFSET NEEDLE AND CARRIER TRACKS; U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 14/721,244, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,022,120, entitledSURGICAL NEEDLE WITH RECESSED FEATURES; and U.S. patent application Ser.No. 14/740,724, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,888,914, entitled SUTURINGINSTRUMENT WITH MOTORIZED NEEDLE DRIVE, which are incorporated byreference in their entireties herein. The embodiments discussed hereinare also usable with the instruments, systems, and methods disclosed inU.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/908,021, entitled SURGICALINSTRUMENT WITH REMOTE RELEASE, filed on Feb. 28, 2018, U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 15/908,012, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT HAVINGDUAL ROTATABLE MEMBERS TO EFFECT DIFFERENT TYPES OF END EFFECTORMOVEMENT, filed on Feb. 28, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,736,616, U.S.patent application Ser. No. 15/908,040, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENTWITH ROTARY DRIVE SELECTIVELY ACTUATING MULTIPLE END EFFECTOR FUNCTIONS,filed on Feb. 28, 2018, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2018/0245337, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/908,057, entitledSURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH ROTARY DRIVE SELECTIVELY ACTUATING MULTIPLE ENDEFFECTOR FUNCTIONS, filed on Feb. 28, 2018, now U.S. Patent ApplicationPublication No. 2019/0125384, U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/908,058, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH MODULAR POWER SOURCES,filed on Feb. 28, 2018, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2019/0125324, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/908,143, entitledSURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH SENSOR AND/OR CONTROL SYSTEMS, filed on Feb.28, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,932,804, which are incorporated in theirentireties herein. Generally, these surgical suturing instrumentscomprise, among other things, a shaft, an end effector attached to theshaft, and drive systems positioned within the shaft to transfer motionfrom a source motion to the end effector. The motion source can comprisea manually driven actuator, an electric motor, and/or a robotic surgicalsystem. The end effector comprises a body portion, a needle trackdefined within the body portion, and a needle driver configured to drivea needle through a rotational firing stroke. The needle is configured tobe guided through its rotational firing stroke within the body portionby the needle track. In various instances, the needle driver is similarto that of a ratchet system. In at least one instance, the needle driveris configured to drive the needle through a first half of the rotationalfiring stroke which places the needle in a hand-off position—a positionwhere a tissue-puncturing end of the needle has passed through thetarget tissue and reentered the body portion of the end effector. Atsuch point, the needle driver can be returned to its original positionto pick up the tissue-puncturing end of the needle and drive the needlethrough a second half of its rotational firing stroke. Once the needledriver pulls the needle through the second half of its rotational firingstroke, the needle driver is then returned to its original unfiredposition to grab the needle for another rotational firing stroke. Thedrive systems can be driven by one or more motors and/or manual driveactuation systems. The needle comprises suturing material, such asthread, for example, attached thereto. The suturing material isconfigured to be pulled through tissue as the needle is advanced throughits rotational firing stroke to seal the tissue and/or attached thetissue to another structure, for example.

FIGS. 110-114 depict a surgical suturing instrument 94000 configured tosuture the tissue of a patient. The surgical suturing instrument 94000comprises a handle 94100, a shaft 94200 extending distally from thehandle 94100, and an end effector 94300 attached to the shaft 94200 byway of an articulation joint 94210. The handle 94100 comprises a firingtrigger 94110 configured to actuate a firing drive of the surgicalsuturing instrument 94000, a first rotational actuator 94120 configuredto articulate the end effector 94300 about an articulation axis AAdefined by the articulation joint 94210, and a second rotationalactuator 94130 configured to rotate the end effector 94300 about alongitudinal axis LA defined by the end effector 94300. The surgicalsuturing instrument 94000 further comprises a flush port 94140. Examplesof surgical suturing devices, systems, and methods are disclosed in U.S.patent application Ser. No. 13/832,786, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,398,905,entitled CIRCULAR NEEDLE APPLIER WITH OFFSET NEEDLE AND CARRIER TRACKS;U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/721,244, now U.S. Pat. No.10,022,120, entitled SURGICAL NEEDLE WITH RECESSED FEATURES; and U.S.patent application Ser. No. 14/740,724, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,888,914,entitled SUTURING INSTRUMENT WITH MOTORIZED NEEDLE DRIVE, which areincorporated by reference in their entireties herein.

FIG. 115 depicts a handle assembly 95200 that is operable for use asurgical suturing instrument. The handle assembly 95200 is connected toa proximal end of a shaft. The handle assembly 95200 includes a motor95202 and a transmission assembly 95210. The motor 95202 is configuredto actuate a needle of a surgical suturing end effector by way of aneedle driver, articulate the end effector, and rotate the end effectorby way of the transmission assembly 95210. The transmission assembly95210 is shifted between three states by a double acting solenoid, forexample, so as to allow the motor 95202 to be used to actuate a needleof a surgical suturing end effector, articulate the end effector, and/orrotate the end effector. In at least one embodiment, the handle assembly95200 could take the form of a robotic interface or a housing comprisinggears, pulleys, and/or servomechanisms, for example. Such an arrangementcould be used with a robotic surgical system.

FIG. 116 depicts a suturing cartridge 93590 comprising a lower body93581, an upper body 93582, and a needle cover 93583. The cartridge93590 further comprises a drive system comprising a needle driver 93586,a rotary input 93594, and a link 93585 connecting the needle driver93586 and the rotary input 93594. The needle driver 93586, rotary input93594, and link 93585 are captured between the lower body 93581 and theupper body 93582. The needle driver 93586, the link 93585, and therotary input 93594 are configured to be actuated to drive a needle 93570through a needle firing stroke by way of a motor-driven system, amanually-driven handheld system, and/or a robotic system, for example.The lower and upper bodies 93581, 93582 are attached to one anotherusing any suitable technique, such as, for example, welds, pins,adhesives, and/or the like to form the cartridge body. The needle 93570comprises a leading end 93571 configured to puncture tissue, a trailingend 93572, and a length of suture 93573 extending from and attached tothe trailing end 93572. The needle 93570 is configured to rotate in acircular path defined by a needle track 93584. The needle track 93584 isdefined in the cartridge body. The needle 93570 is configured to exitone of a first arm 95393A and a second arm 95393B of the cartridge bodyand enter the other of the first arm 95393A and the second arm 95393Bduring a needle firing stroke. Recessed features 93574 are provided toso that the needle driver 93586 can engage and drive the needle 93570through the needle firing stroke in a ratchet-like motion. The needle93570 is positioned between the needle track 93584 and the needle cover93583. The suturing cartridge 93590 further comprises a cage 93587 thatis configured to slide over the cartridge body to attach the needlecover 93583 to the lower body 93581.

Various aspects of the subject matter described herein are set out inthe following numbered examples:

Example 1—A method of operating a surgical assembly, the methodcomprising receiving a first input from a first RFID scanner indicativeof a first information stored in a first RFID chip of a first modularcomponent of the surgical assembly, receiving a second input from asecond RFID scanner indicative of a second information stored in asecond RFID chip of a second modular component of the surgical assembly,determining an operational parameter of a motor of the surgical assemblybased on the first input and the second input, and causing the motor toeffect a tissue treatment motion of the first modular component.

Example 2—The method of Example 1, wherein the first modular componentis an end effector.

Example 3—The method of Example 2, wherein the second modular componentis a shaft releasably couplable to the end effector.

Example 4—The method of any one of Examples 1-3, wherein the firstinformation is indicative of a staple cartridge size, and wherein thesecond information is indicative of a shaft profile.

Example 5—The method of any one of Examples 1-4, wherein the operationalparameter of the motor is a velocity threshold.

Example 6—The method of any one of Examples 1-4, wherein the operationalparameter of the motor is a current threshold.

Example 7—The method of any one of Examples 1-4, wherein the operationalparameter of the motor is a load threshold.

Example 8—The method of any one of Examples 1-7, further comprisingaccessing a database to determine the operational parameter of the motorof the surgical assembly.

Example 9—The method of Example 8, wherein the database tethers theoperational parameter of the motor to the first information and thesecond information.

Example 10—A method of operating a surgical assembly, the methodcomprising receiving a first input from a first RFID scanner indicativeof a first information stored in a first RFID chip of an anvil of thesurgical assembly, receiving a second input from a second RFID scannerindicative of a second information stored in a second RFID chip of astaple cartridge of the surgical assembly, and assessing compatibilityof the anvil with the staple cartridge based on the first input and thesecond input.

Example 11—The method of Example 10, further comprising alerting a userof the surgical assembly regarding the compatibility of the anvil withthe staple cartridge.

Example 12—The method of Examples 10 or 11, further comprisingactivating a lockout assembly of the surgical assembly if it isdetermined that the anvil is not compatible with the staple cartridge.

Example 13—The method of any one of Examples 10-12, further comprisingaccessing a database to assess compatibility of the anvil with thestaple cartridge.

Example 14—The method of Example 13, wherein the database tethers anoperational parameter of a motor to the first information and the secondinformation.

Example 15—A method of operating a surgical assembly, the methodcomprising receiving a first input from a first RFID scanner indicativeof a first information stored in a first RFID chip of a first modularcomponent of the surgical assembly, receiving a second input from asecond RFID scanner indicative of a second information stored in asecond RFID chip of a second modular component of the surgical assembly,determining an operational parameter of a third component of thesurgical assembly based on the first input and the second input, andadjusting a tissue treatment motion of the first modular component basedon the operational parameter.

Example 16—The method of Example 15, wherein the first modular componentis an end effector.

Example 17—The method of Example 16, wherein the second modularcomponent is a shaft releasably couplable to the end effector.

Example 18—The method of any one of Examples 15-17, wherein the firstinformation is indicative of a staple cartridge size, and wherein thesecond information is indicative of a shaft profile.

Example 19—The method of any one of Examples 15-18, wherein theoperational parameter is a motor velocity threshold.

Example 20—The method of any one of Examples 15-18, wherein theoperational parameter is a motor current threshold.

While several forms have been illustrated and described, it is not theintention of the applicant to restrict or limit the scope of theappended claims to such detail. Numerous modifications, variations,changes, substitutions, combinations, and equivalents to those forms maybe implemented and will occur to those skilled in the art withoutdeparting from the scope of the present disclosure. Moreover, thestructure of each element associated with the described forms can bealternatively described as a means for providing the function performedby the element. Also, where materials are disclosed for certaincomponents, other materials may be used. It is therefore to beunderstood that the foregoing description and the appended claims areintended to cover all such modifications, combinations, and variationsas falling within the scope of the disclosed forms. The appended claimsare intended to cover all such modifications, variations, changes,substitutions, modifications, and equivalents.

The foregoing detailed description has set forth various forms of thedevices and/or processes via the use of block diagrams, flowcharts,and/or examples. Insofar as such block diagrams, flowcharts, and/orexamples contain one or more functions and/or operations, it will beunderstood by those within the art that each function and/or operationwithin such block diagrams, flowcharts, and/or examples can beimplemented, individually and/or collectively, by a wide range ofhardware, software, firmware, or virtually any combination thereof.Those skilled in the art will recognize that some aspects of the formsdisclosed herein, in whole or in part, can be equivalently implementedin integrated circuits, as one or more computer programs running on oneor more computers (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or morecomputer systems), as one or more programs running on one or moreprocessors (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or moremicroprocessors), as firmware, or as virtually any combination thereof,and that designing the circuitry and/or writing the code for thesoftware and or firmware would be well within the skill of one of skillin the art in light of this disclosure. In addition, those skilled inthe art will appreciate that the mechanisms of the subject matterdescribed herein are capable of being distributed as one or more programproducts in a variety of forms, and that an illustrative form of thesubject matter described herein applies regardless of the particulartype of signal bearing medium used to actually carry out thedistribution.

Instructions used to program logic to perform various disclosed aspectscan be stored within a memory in the system, such as dynamic randomaccess memory (DRAM), cache, flash memory, or other storage.Furthermore, the instructions can be distributed via a network or by wayof other computer readable media. Thus a machine-readable medium mayinclude any mechanism for storing or transmitting information in a formreadable by a machine (e.g., a computer), but is not limited to, floppydiskettes, optical disks, compact disc, read-only memory (CD-ROMs), andmagneto-optical disks, read-only memory (ROMs), random access memory(RAM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electricallyerasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), magnetic or opticalcards, flash memory, or a tangible, machine-readable storage used in thetransmission of information over the Internet via electrical, optical,acoustical or other forms of propagated signals (e.g., carrier waves,infrared signals, digital signals, etc.). Accordingly, thenon-transitory computer-readable medium includes any type of tangiblemachine-readable medium suitable for storing or transmitting electronicinstructions or information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., acomputer).

As used in any aspect herein, the term “control circuit” may refer to,for example, hardwired circuitry, programmable circuitry (e.g., acomputer processor comprising one or more individual instructionprocessing cores, processing unit, processor, microcontroller,microcontroller unit, controller, digital signal processor (DSP),programmable logic device (PLD), programmable logic array (PLA), orfield programmable gate array (FPGA)), state machine circuitry, firmwarethat stores instructions executed by programmable circuitry, and anycombination thereof. The control circuit may, collectively orindividually, be embodied as circuitry that forms part of a largersystem, for example, an integrated circuit (IC), an application-specificintegrated circuit (ASIC), a system on-chip (SoC), desktop computers,laptop computers, tablet computers, servers, smart phones, etc.Accordingly, as used herein “control circuit” includes, but is notlimited to, electrical circuitry having at least one discrete electricalcircuit, electrical circuitry having at least one integrated circuit,electrical circuitry having at least one application specific integratedcircuit, electrical circuitry forming a general purpose computing deviceconfigured by a computer program (e.g., a general purpose computerconfigured by a computer program which at least partially carries outprocesses and/or devices described herein, or a microprocessorconfigured by a computer program which at least partially carries outprocesses and/or devices described herein), electrical circuitry forminga memory device (e.g., forms of random access memory), and/or electricalcircuitry forming a communications device (e.g., a modem, communicationsswitch, or optical-electrical equipment). Those having skill in the artwill recognize that the subject matter described herein may beimplemented in an analog or digital fashion or some combination thereof.

As used in any aspect herein, the term “logic” may refer to an app,software, firmware and/or circuitry configured to perform any of theaforementioned operations. Software may be embodied as a softwarepackage, code, instructions, instruction sets and/or data recorded onnon-transitory computer readable storage medium. Firmware may beembodied as code, instructions or instruction sets and/or data that arehard-coded (e.g., nonvolatile) in memory devices.

As used in any aspect herein, the terms “component,” “system,” “module”and the like can refer to a computer-related entity, either hardware, acombination of hardware and software, software, or software inexecution.

As used in any aspect herein, an “algorithm” refers to a self-consistentsequence of steps leading to a desired result, where a “step” refers toa manipulation of physical quantities and/or logic states which may,though need not necessarily, take the form of electrical or magneticsignals capable of being stored, transferred, combined, compared, andotherwise manipulated. It is common usage to refer to these signals asbits, values, elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers, or thelike. These and similar terms may be associated with the appropriatephysical quantities and are merely convenient labels applied to thesequantities and/or states.

A network may include a packet switched network. The communicationdevices may be capable of communicating with each other using a selectedpacket switched network communications protocol. One examplecommunications protocol may include an Ethernet communications protocolwhich may be capable permitting communication using a TransmissionControl Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). The Ethernet protocol maycomply or be compatible with the Ethernet standard published by theInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) titled “IEEE802.3 Standard”, published in December, 2008 and/or later versions ofthis standard. Alternatively or additionally, the communication devicesmay be capable of communicating with each other using an X.25communications protocol. The X.25 communications protocol may comply orbe compatible with a standard promulgated by the InternationalTelecommunication Union-Telecommunication Standardization Sector(ITU-T). Alternatively or additionally, the communication devices may becapable of communicating with each other using a frame relaycommunications protocol. The frame relay communications protocol maycomply or be compatible with a standard promulgated by ConsultativeCommittee for International Telegraph and Telephone (CCITT) and/or theAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI). Alternatively oradditionally, the transceivers may be capable of communicating with eachother using an Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) communications protocol.The ATM communications protocol may comply or be compatible with an ATMstandard published by the ATM Forum titled “ATM-MPLS NetworkInterworking 2.0” published August 2001, and/or later versions of thisstandard. Of course, different and/or after-developedconnection-oriented network communication protocols are equallycontemplated herein.

In various aspects, a microcontroller of control circuit in accordancewith the present disclosure may be any single-core or multicoreprocessor such as those known under the trade name ARM Cortex by TexasInstruments. In one aspect, the main microcontroller 461 may be anLM4F230H5QR ARM Cortex-M4F Processor Core, available from TexasInstruments, for example, comprising an on-chip memory of 256 KBsingle-cycle flash memory, or other non-volatile memory, up to 40 MHz, aprefetch buffer to improve performance above 40 MHz, a 32 KBsingle-cycle SRAM, and internal ROM loaded with StellarisWare® software,a 2 KB EEPROM, one or more PWM modules, one or more QEI analogs, and/orone or more 12-bit ADCs with 12 analog input channels, details of whichare available for the product datasheet.

Unless specifically stated otherwise as apparent from the foregoingdisclosure, it is appreciated that, throughout the foregoing disclosure,discussions using terms such as “processing,” “computing,”“calculating,” “determining,” “displaying,” or the like, refer to theaction and processes of a computer system, or similar electroniccomputing device, that manipulates and transforms data represented asphysical (electronic) quantities within the computer system's registersand memories into other data similarly represented as physicalquantities within the computer system memories or registers or othersuch information storage, transmission or display devices.

One or more components may be referred to herein as “configured to,”“configurable to,” “operable/operative to,” “adapted/adaptable,” “ableto,” “conformable/conformed to,” etc. Those skilled in the art willrecognize that “configured to” can generally encompass active-statecomponents and/or inactive-state components and/or standby-statecomponents, unless context requires otherwise.

The terms “proximal” and “distal” are used herein with reference to aclinician manipulating the housing portion of the surgical instrument.The term “proximal” refers to the portion closest to the clinician andthe term “distal” refers to the portion located away from the clinician.It will be further appreciated that, for convenience and clarity,spatial terms such as “vertical”, “horizontal”, “up”, and “down” may beused herein with respect to the drawings. However, surgical instrumentsare used in many orientations and positions, and these terms are notintended to be limiting and/or absolute.

Those skilled in the art will recognize that, in general, terms usedherein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., bodies of theappended claims) are generally intended as “open” terms (e.g., the term“including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to,” theterm “having” should be interpreted as “having at least,” the term“includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to,”etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that if aspecific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such anintent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence ofsuch recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid tounderstanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of theintroductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more” to introduce claimrecitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed toimply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinitearticles “a” or “an” limits any particular claim containing suchintroduced claim recitation to claims containing only one suchrecitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases“one or more” or “at least one” and indefinite articles such as “a” or“an” (e.g., “a” and/or “an” should typically be interpreted to mean “atleast one” or “one or more”); the same holds true for the use ofdefinite articles used to introduce claim recitations.

In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitationis explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that suchrecitation should typically be interpreted to mean at least the recitednumber (e.g., the bare recitation of “two recitations,” without othermodifiers, typically means at least two recitations, or two or morerecitations). Furthermore, in those instances where a conventionanalogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc.” is used, in generalsuch a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the artwould understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one ofA, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have Aalone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and Ctogether, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). In those instances where aconvention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc.” is used, ingeneral such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill inthe art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at leastone of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that haveA alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and Ctogether, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). It will be furtherunderstood by those within the art that typically a disjunctive wordand/or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in thedescription, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplatethe possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, orboth terms unless context dictates otherwise. For example, the phrase “Aor B” will be typically understood to include the possibilities of “A”or “B” or “A and B.”

With respect to the appended claims, those skilled in the art willappreciate that recited operations therein may generally be performed inany order. Also, although various operational flow diagrams arepresented in a sequence(s), it should be understood that the variousoperations may be performed in other orders than those which areillustrated, or may be performed concurrently. Examples of suchalternate orderings may include overlapping, interleaved, interrupted,reordered, incremental, preparatory, supplemental, simultaneous,reverse, or other variant orderings, unless context dictates otherwise.Furthermore, terms like “responsive to,” “related to,” or otherpast-tense adjectives are generally not intended to exclude suchvariants, unless context dictates otherwise.

It is worthy to note that any reference to “one aspect,” “an aspect,”“an exemplification,” “one exemplification,” and the like means that aparticular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connectionwith the aspect is included in at least one aspect. Thus, appearances ofthe phrases “in one aspect,” “in an aspect,” “in an exemplification,”and “in one exemplification” in various places throughout thespecification are not necessarily all referring to the same aspect.Furthermore, the particular features, structures or characteristics maybe combined in any suitable manner in one or more aspects.

Any patent application, patent, non-patent publication, or otherdisclosure material referred to in this specification and/or listed inany Application Data Sheet is incorporated by reference herein, to theextent that the incorporated materials is not inconsistent herewith. Assuch, and to the extent necessary, the disclosure as explicitly setforth herein supersedes any conflicting material incorporated herein byreference. Any material, or portion thereof, that is said to beincorporated by reference herein, but which conflicts with existingdefinitions, statements, or other disclosure material set forth hereinwill only be incorporated to the extent that no conflict arises betweenthat incorporated material and the existing disclosure material.

In summary, numerous benefits have been described which result fromemploying the concepts described herein. The foregoing description ofthe one or more forms has been presented for purposes of illustrationand description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or limiting to theprecise form disclosed. Modifications or variations are possible inlight of the above teachings. The one or more forms were chosen anddescribed in order to illustrate principles and practical application tothereby enable one of ordinary skill in the art to utilize the variousforms and with various modifications as are suited to the particular usecontemplated. It is intended that the claims submitted herewith definethe overall scope.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of operating a surgical assembly, the method comprising: receiving a first input from a first RFID scanner indicative of a first information stored in a first RFID chip of a first modular component of the surgical assembly; receiving a second input from a second RFID scanner indicative of a second information stored in a second RFID chip of a second modular component of the surgical assembly; determining an operational parameter of a motor of the surgical assembly based on the first input and the second input; and causing the motor to effect a tissue treatment motion of the first modular component.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first modular component is an end effector.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the second modular component is a shaft releasably couplable to the end effector.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first information is indicative of a staple cartridge size, and wherein the second information is indicative of a shaft profile.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the operational parameter of the motor is a velocity threshold.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the operational parameter of the motor is a current threshold.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the operational parameter of the motor is a load threshold.
 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising accessing a database to determine the operational parameter of the motor of the surgical assembly.
 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the database tethers the operational parameter of the motor to the first information and the second information.
 10. A method of operating a surgical assembly, the method comprising: receiving a first input from a first RFID scanner indicative of a first information stored in a first RFID chip of an anvil of the surgical assembly; receiving a second input from a second RFID scanner indicative of a second information stored in a second RFID chip of a staple cartridge of the surgical assembly; and assessing compatibility of the anvil with the staple cartridge based on the first input and the second input.
 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising alerting a user of the surgical assembly regarding the compatibility of the anvil with the staple cartridge.
 12. The method of claim 10, further comprising activating a lockout assembly of the surgical assembly if it is determined that the anvil is not compatible with the staple cartridge.
 13. The method of claim 10, further comprising accessing a database to assess compatibility of the anvil with the staple cartridge.
 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the database tethers an operational parameter of a motor to the first information and the second information.
 15. A method of operating a surgical assembly, the method comprising: receiving a first input from a first RFID scanner indicative of a first information stored in a first RFID chip of a first modular component of the surgical assembly; receiving a second input from a second RFID scanner indicative of a second information stored in a second RFID chip of a second modular component of the surgical assembly; determining an operational parameter of a third component of the surgical assembly based on the first input and the second input; and adjusting a tissue treatment motion of the first modular component based on the operational parameter.
 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the first modular component is an end effector.
 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the second modular component is a shaft releasably couplable to the end effector.
 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the first information is indicative of a staple cartridge size, and wherein the second information is indicative of a shaft profile.
 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the operational parameter is a motor velocity threshold.
 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the operational parameter is a motor current threshold. 